ReviewSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2025
Maximizing surgical precision in gracilis muscle reconstruction: anatomical Variants, advanced Imaging, and novel surgical strategies.
Review in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Facial Nerve in Contemporary Surgery: Anatomical Variability, Pathology-Induced Distortion, and Functional Preservation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Gracilis Muscle Reappraised: An Integrative Synthesis of Anatomy, Embryology, Imaging, and Surgical Applications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe gracilis muscle (GM) is a reliable flap in reconstructive microsurgery due to its consistent anatomy and low donor-site morbidity. However, morphological, vascular, and neural variations may complicate surgical planning and outcomes.
methodsA narrative review was conducted based on anatomical studies, imaging reports, and surgical case series sourced from PubMed and Scopus (up to 2025), with emphasis on anatomical variants, imaging modalities, and reconstructive strategies.
resultsKey variants include supernumerary heads, accessory slips, multiple vascular pedicles, and diverse innervation patterns. These factors affect flap design, harvesting, and reinnervation success. Advanced imaging techniques such as CTA, MRA, Doppler ultrasound, and ICG angiography enable precise preoperative mapping. We propose two clinical frameworks—the Gracilis Functional Flap Classification (GFFC) and the Gracilis Innervation-Based Surgical Planning Algorithm (GISPA)—to integrate anatomical variation into individualized surgical planning.
conclusionsGM anatomical variability significantly influences reconstructive outcomes. The integration of GFFC and GISPA, supported by imaging and emerging technologies, enhances surgical precision and functional results in microsurgical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.