Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41131375›Full record

ReviewJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2025

Defining the threshold of birth: ethical introduction of artificial placenta and artificial womb technology in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Phillip S Wozniak, Ashley K Fernandes, Stephanie K Kukora

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Phillip S WozniakDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA. phillip.wozniak@umkc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7863-5773
Ashley K FernandesDepartment of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Stephanie K KukoraDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-7327

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial amnion and placenta technology (AAPT), also colloquially referred to as artificial womb technology, will likely move into first-in-human trials in the next few years. The results of the AAPT animal trials inspired numerous commentaries in the ethics literature, with some ethicists and philosophers advocating for the creation of a new "status of being" to describe a patient supported by AAPT. Proposed states of being include terms such as: "gestateling" (a fetus outside the womb) or "fetonate" (a neonate with full human rights but retained fetal physiology). Adopting the "gestateling" paradigm would require changing the accepted definition of birth and raise important implications for the "gestateling's" humanness and legal personhood. Here, we address the ethical and legal implications of the terminology debate and propose two key recommendations to govern the ethical introduction of AAPT into clinical practice: namely, medical innovation cannot abrogate personhood, and AAPT is a means of rescue.

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.