Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41130987›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Flexible InGaAs/InAlAs avalanche photodiodes for short-wave infrared detection.

Jishen Zhang, Rui Shao, Haiwen Xu, Kian Hua Tan, Satrio Wicaksono, Qiwen Kong, Gong Zhang, Chen Sun, Yue Chen, Aaron Danner and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jishen Zhang *Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Rui Shao *Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5952-4757
Haiwen XuDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Kian Hua TanDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Satrio WicaksonoDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Qiwen KongDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Gong ZhangDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7749-6177
Chen SunDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Yue ChenDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Aaron DannerDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-9626
Soon-Fatt YoonDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Xiao GongDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. elegong@nus.edu.sg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-1937

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flexible detectors have gained growing research interest due to their promising applications in optical sensing and imaging systems with a broad field-of-view. However, most research have focused on conventional photodiodes of which the responsivity are limited at short-wave infrared due to the absence of internal multiplication gain. Here we have realized and demonstrated flexible thin-film InGaAs/InAlAs avalanche photodiodes on a mica substrate for short-wave infrared detection. This achievement was made possible by the development and implementation of a low-temperature bonding and well-optimized fabrication process. Our devices exhibit promising characteristics, including low dark current, good responsivity, and high multiplication gain. Even when subjected to bending conditions, the avalanche photodiodes maintain their general performance. The advent of such flexible InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with reliable and promising performance enables a significantly broader range of potential applications.

Identifiers

PMID41130987
PMCPMC12549835

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.