Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41130681›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in Gondar Town 2024: a cross-sectional study from the first and second trimesters.

Elias Chane, Bisrat Birke Teketelew, Dereje Mengesha Berta, Muluken Walle, Abiy Ayele Angelo, Negesse Cherie, Mebratu Tamir, Zufan Yiheyis Abriham, Getachew Bitew, Amare Mekuanint

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In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Elias ChaneDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia eliaschane236@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-3781
Bisrat Birke TeketelewDepartment of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Dereje Mengesha BertaDepartment of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-7179
Muluken WalleDepartment of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2235-921X
Abiy Ayele AngeloDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Negesse CherieDepartment of Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-3536-0874
Mebratu TamirDepartment of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-8989-0673
Zufan Yiheyis AbrihamDepartment of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-9220-1857
Getachew BitewDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Amare MekuanintDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveVitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is a global health concern, contributing to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Despite its importance, limited data exist on vitamin D status and its determinants among pregnant women in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in their first and second trimesters in Gondar Town, Ethiopia, 2024. DESIGN AND

settingA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal care unit of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January to March 2024.

methodsEligible participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical record reviews. Serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and alkaline phosphatase were analysed using the Beckman Coulter clinical chemistry analyser. Statistical comparisons between pregnant women in the first and second trimesters were performed using the independent t-test. Determinants of vitamin D deficiency were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

participants384 pregnant women in their first or second trimester.

resultsThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 41.41%, while 84.11% of pregnant women had vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL). No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was observed among pregnant women in their first and second trimesters. Lower frequency of outdoor activity (adjusted OR (AOR) 8.94, 95% CI 2.76 to 28.89), elevated diastolic blood pressure (>90 mm Hg) (AOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.70), lower dietary diversity (AOR 3.17, 95% CI 1.13 to 8.89), lower fish and fish oil consumption habit (AOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.03 to 8.77; AOR 12.27, 95% CI 1.50 to 100.42) were the key predictors associated with serum vitamin D defiency. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Nearly half of the pregnant women in Gondar Town exhibit vitamin D deficiency, showing a challenging public health concern. Thus, targeted interventions, such as dietary supplementation and lifestyle modifications, are urgently needed to address the problem and improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Indexed as

Pregnancy ComplicationsVitamin D DeficiencyAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEthiopiaFemaleHumansPregnancyPregnancy Trimester, FirstPregnancy Trimester, SecondPrevalenceRisk FactorsVitamin DYoung AdultVitamin DEpidemiologic StudiesPregnancyPregnant Women

Identifiers

PMID41130681
PMCPMC12551514

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