ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2026
Relationship Between Smoking and Psychiatric and Somatic Comorbidities in Older Age Bipolar Disorder: Lien entre le tabagisme et les affections psychiatriques et somatiques concomitantes chez les personnes âgées atteintes de trouble bipolaire.
Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveSmoking has been associated with psychiatric and somatic comorbidities in bipolar disorder (BD) populations. However, studies in older age BD (OABD) populations are sparse. We hypothesized that among individuals with OABD, current and former smokers would have worse psychiatric and somatic comorbidities parameters compared to never smokers.
methodOur study used baseline cross-sectional data from 27 international studies reporting data on adults 50 years old and older (
resultsOur study sample was 52.8% female with a mean age of 62 years and included 347 (35.3%) never smokers, 222 (22.6%) former smokers, and 415 (42.2%) current smokers. After controlling for age, sex, and study, current depression was more prevalent in former versus never smokers and current versus never smokers. Cardiovascular comorbidity was more prevalent among former than never smokers. More current versus never smokers were taking antipsychotic medications and more current versus never smokers having lifetime substance use disorders. When stratifying by the presence of cardiorespiratory comorbidity, the only statistically significant association was higher functioning in never versus current smokers in participants without cardiorespiratory comorbidity, though non-statistically significant relationships were present between lifetime smoking and depression across strata.
conclusionsThe relationship of smoking with depression and substance use disorders is largely independent of age, sex, and, for the depression relationship, cardiorespiratory comorbidity. More smokers taking antipsychotic medications suggests that smoking is associated with a more severe BD course. Cardiovascular comorbidity may serve as a motivating factor for smoking cessation.
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