Trial reportJAMA network open2025
Cardiovascular Risk Through Hypoxic Burden in Children With Sleep Apnea: A Secondary Analysis of a Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The hypoxic burden algorithm: an integrated index for assessing intermittent hypoxia in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-a retrospective cohort study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Early dynamic glucose dysregulation in obese adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea: a comparative analysis with fasting lactate.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea and early cardiovascular risk phenotypes: an evidence review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Interpretable two-stage deep learning for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis using lateral cephalograms.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Emerging biomarkers, such as hypoxic burden (HB), have demonstrated utility in estimation of cardiovascular (CV) risk in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Its applicability in pediatric OSA remains unexplored. Objective: To explore whether HB is associated with disturbances in blood pressure (BP) patterns in pediatric OSA. Design, Setting, and Participants: Children with suspected OSA were included in this secondary analysis performed within the framework of the Kids Trial, a prospective, multicenter nonrandomized clinical trial, with data accrued between January 30, 2018, and August 28, 2023, at 2 university hospitals in Spain. A total of 286 children with suspected OSA were assessed for eligibility. Ninety-six children for whom HB was unavailable or with BP data that did not fulfill quality criteria were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures: Children underwent polysomnography and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). HB was quantified as the area under the desaturation curve of each respiratory event, relative to the pre-event baseline oxygen saturation. BP variables were obtained from ABPM. Results: A total of 190 children were included in the analysis. Median age was 6 (IQR, 5-8) years, and 108 participants (56.8%) were male. Median apnea hypopnea index was 6.0 (IQR, 3.1-10.3) events per hour with a median HB of 9.6 (IQR, 3.8-22.5) %min/h. A comparison of the HB quartiles revealed that higher HB levels were associated with greater nocturnal diastolic BP (quartile 1: 56.0 [IQR, 52.0-60.0] mm Hg; quartile 2: 57.0 [IQR, 54.0-61.0] mm Hg; quartile 3: 59.0 [IQR, 53.0-61.0] mm Hg; and quartile 4: 58.0 [IQR, 55.0-61.0] mm Hg; P = .03), a reduced nocturnal decrease in mean BP (quartile 1: 13.5 [IQR, 8.0-18.2] mm Hg; quartile 2: 10.8 [IQR, 8.3-15.1] mm Hg; quartile 3: 11.4 [IQR, 8.7-15.2] mm Hg; and quartile 4: 8.9 [IQR, 6.6-13.5] mm Hg; P = .01), and an increased prevalence of a nondipping pattern (NDP) (quartile 1: 15 of 47 [31.9%]; quartile 2: 21 of 47 [44.7%]; quartile 3: 19 of 46 [41.3%]; and quartile 4: 26 of 47 [55.3%]; P = .04). Multivariable analysis showed an increased risk of NDP in the higher quartile of HB (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.00-5.79; P = .05). Conclusions and Relevance: In this secondary analysis of a nonrandomized clinical trial, elevated HB values were associated with an NDP and reduced nocturnal decrease in BP in children with OSA, both of which are established markers of CV risk. These results suggest the potential utility of HB as a biomarker for CV risk stratification and clinical management in the pediatric population with OSA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.