Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41128907›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2025

Trends in dietary supplement use among U.S. adults between 2011 and 2023.

Longgang Zhao, Yiwen Zhang, Jihong Liu, James R Hébert, Edward Giovannucci, Xuehong Zhang, Susan E Steck

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Article in European journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Longgang ZhaoYale School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, CT, USA. longgang.zhao@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-1952
Yiwen ZhangDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Jihong LiuDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
James R HébertDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Edward GiovannucciDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Xuehong ZhangYale School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, CT, USA.
Susan E SteckDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeRecent trends in dietary supplement use, particularly non-vitamin, non-mineral products, are not well characterized. We assessed patterns of dietary supplement use among U.S. adults from 2011 to 2023.

methodsWe used data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2023, n = 29,216). Dietary supplement information was collected with in-home or telephone interviews by asking participants whether they used any dietary supplements in the preceding 30 days. Survey-weighted prevalence of overall and individual supplement use was calculated to be nationally representative of U.S. adults aged 20 years and older. We evaluated trends across cycles and conducted subgroup analyses by age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, body mass index, and self-reported health status.

resultsThe overall use of any dietary supplements increased from 51.8% in 2011-2012 to 61.4% in 2021-2023 (Ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence intervals: 1.10, 1.27; Difference = 9.6% [5.6%, 13.5%]; P

conclusionDietary supplement uses among U.S. adults increased significantly during the last decade, with notable growth in the use of specific products like fiber and probiotic.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsAdultAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysUnited StatesYoung AdultDietary supplementNHANESPrevalenceProbioticTrend

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.