ReviewEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2026
Cutaneous botryomycosis: a comprehensive review.
Review in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
purposeCutaneous botryomycosis is a chronic, granulomatous infection of the skin caused by different bacteria that form granular aggregates. We aim to provide a complete, comprehensive, and updated review of cutaneous botryomycosis, including a review of cases published in the last decade.
resultsPatients with botryomycosis typically present multiple nodules, sinuses, abscesses, fistulae, and ulcers, which develop during weeks or months. The current gold standard for diagnosing botryomycosis involves a combination of histopathological examination and microbial culture. A definitive diagnosis is established when clinical and pathological findings align with the presence of botryomycosis, supported by the identification of non-filamentous bacteria forming granules and positive culture. The most frequent isolated etiological agents are Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The differential diagnosis includes mycetoma, actinomycosis, and carcinomas/sarcomas. Treatment includes antibiotics and, in selected cases, surgical debridement.
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