Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41128118›Full record

ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2026

Familial Transmission of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder to Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders in a Swedish National Sample: Strongest Effects From Mothers to Daughters.

Kathryn Polak, Linda Abrahamsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Kenneth S Kendler

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kathryn PolakVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Linda AbrahamssonCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Jan SundquistCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Kristina SundquistCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Kenneth S KendlerVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.

Funding

Genetic, Social, and Developmental Epidemiology of Drug Use DisordersR01DA030005 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KENNETH SEEDMAN KENDLER, JAN O SUNDQUIST · 2010 to 2026
$7.6M
Social, Developmental and Genetic Epidemiology of Alcohol Use DisordersR01AA023534 · NIAAA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KENDLER, KENNETH SEEDMAN, SUNDQUIST, KRISTINA · 2015 to 2023
$4.0M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA023534NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA030005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe investigated the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) in the offspring of parents with major depression (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), including how parent and offspring sex impact familial transmission.

methodOffspring born in Sweden during 1970-1990 in intact families with parental MDD or BD (

resultsOffspring of one parent with MDD or BD had higher risks of AUD (HR = 1.34; HR = 1.50, respectively) and DUD (HR = 1.32; HR = 1.43, respectively) than offspring of unaffected parents. Maternal MDD (HR = 1.38) had a stronger effect on offspring DUD than paternal MDD (HR = 1.26), and maternal BD (HR = 1.67) more strongly influenced offspring AUD than paternal BD (HR = 1.34). Parental MDD had stronger effects on daughters than sons for AUD (HR = 1.40 vs. HR = 1.32) and DUD (HR = 1.44 vs. HR = 1.27), whereas no sex differences were found for parental BD. Among daughters, maternal MDD had stronger effects than paternal MDD for AUD (HR = 1.48 vs. 1.32) and DUD (HR = 1.56 vs. 1.33); for sons, maternal MDD had a greater impact on DUD (HR = 1.31 vs. 1.23). Maternal BD had greater effects in daughters, both compared with sons for DUD (HR = 1.92 vs. HR = 1.37) and compared with paternal BD for AUD (HR = 1.82 vs. HR = 1.30) and DUD (HR = 1.92 vs. HR = 1.31).

conclusionsFindings demonstrate familial transmission of MDD and BD in parents to AUD and DUD in offspring. Affected mothers may be particularly influential. When sex-specific transmission occurred, it was consistently strongest from mother to daughter.

Indexed as

AlcoholismBipolar DisorderChild of Impaired ParentsMajor Depressive DisorderSubstance-Related DisordersAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMothersNuclear FamilyProportional Hazards ModelsRegistriesSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID41128118
PMCPMC12931983

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.