Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41128019›Full record

ArticleStatistics in medicine2025

ChatGPT as a Tool for Biostatisticians: A Tutorial on Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations.

Dennis Dobler, Harald Binder, Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Jan-Bernd Igelmann, David Köhler, Ulrich Mansmann, Markus Pauly, André Scherag, Matthias Schmid, Amani Al Tawil and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Statistics in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  8. Evaluating AI Performance in Systematic Literature Reviews for HEOR: A Case Study.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Dennis DoblerDepartment of Mathematics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-0854
Harald BinderInstitute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Anne-Laure BoulesteixInstitute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2729-0947
Jan-Bernd IgelmannDepartment of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6994-4945
David KöhlerInstitute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Ulrich MansmannInstitute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-8906
Markus PaulyDepartment of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
André ScheragInstitute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9406-4704
Matthias SchmidInstitute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Amani Al TawilInstitute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Susanne WeberInstitute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 413270747Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 499552394Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB 1597Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space, Germany 01ZZ2308BFederal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space, Germany 13N15716German Federal Ministry of Education and Research 01EK2102A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Modern large language models (LLMs) have reshaped the workflows of people across countless fields-and biostatistics is no exception. These models offer novel support in drafting study plans, generating software code, or writing reports. However, reliance on LLMs carries the risk of inaccuracies due to potential hallucinations that may produce fabricated "facts", leading to erroneous statistical statements and conclusions. Such errors could compromise the high precision and transparency fundamental to our field. This tutorial aims to illustrate the impact of LLM-based applications on various contemporary biostatistical tasks. We will explore both the risks and opportunities presented by this new era of artificial intelligence. Our ultimate conclusion emphasizes that advanced applications should only be used in combination with sufficient background knowledge. Over time, consistently verifying LLM outputs may lead to an appropriately calibrated trust in these tools among users.

Indexed as

BiostatisticsModels, StatisticalArtificial IntelligenceData Interpretation, StatisticalGenerative Artificial IntelligenceHumansLanguageSoftwarecausal analysisdiagnostic accuracygenerative AIindividual‐level surrogacylarge language modellatent class analysismeta‐analysissample sizes planningsimulation studytranslation programming languages

Identifiers

PMID41128019
PMCPMC12548020

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.