ArticleJournal of cosmetic dermatology2025
Physicochemical Characterization and Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Gels and Emulsions Containing Sand-Extraction Clays.
Article in Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Physicochemical Characterization and Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Gels and Emulsions Containing Sand-Extraction Clays.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClays are widely used in cosmetic formulations for their rheological properties, adsorption capacity, and potential skin benefits. Sustainable sourcing of clays from industrial by-products, such as sand extraction residues, is gaining interest in the cosmetics industry.
aimsThis study aimed to assess the feasibility of incorporating four clays (I, II, III, IV) derived from sand extraction residues into cosmetic gels and emulsions, evaluating their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and dermal safety. PATIENTS/
methodsThe clays were incorporated into two types of hydrophilic vehicles (a nonionic emulsion and a gel). Formulations were characterized for particle size, viscosity, and storage stability over 90 days. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to clay concentrations up to 1000 μg/mL. Dermal irritation potential was assessed in vivo on 53 healthy volunteers via patch testing.
resultsClay incorporation affected particle size and viscosity, with gels showing superior physical stability. All clays preserved HaCaT cell viability above 75% at the highest concentration, and in vivo assessments revealed no signs of skin irritation or sensitization. Clay III showed the largest surface area, improving skin adhesion and spreadability, while consistency between in vitro and in vivo data confirms the biocompatibility and cutaneous safety of the formulations.
conclusionsClays from sand extraction residues are safe, stable, and biocompatible ingredients for cosmetic formulations. Their incorporation into gels and emulsions provides favorable rheological and dermatological properties, supporting their potential as sustainable raw materials for cosmetic and dermatological applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.