Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41127733›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in Acute Care: Current Practices and Emerging Therapies.

Toufic Lakkis, Anas Mahmoud Awad Elshoura, Gabriel Andres Soria Behr, Mata Cardenas Eduardo Mauricio, Susana Sil-Zavaleta, Long Yin Cai, Manju Rai

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Toufic LakkisInternal Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, LBN.
Anas Mahmoud Awad ElshouraInternal Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, GBR.
Gabriel Andres Soria BehrInternal Medicine, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, ECU.
Mata Cardenas Eduardo MauricioInternal Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo (UAEH), Hidalgo, MEX.
Susana Sil-ZavaletaDermatology, University La Salle Mexico City, Mexico City, MEX.
Long Yin CaiInternal Medicine, Caribbean Medical University, Willemstad, CUW.
Manju RaiBiotechnology, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) represents a critical ophthalmological emergency characterized by sudden, painless monocular vision loss and requires immediate intervention within emergency department settings. This narrative review examines the current evidence regarding CRAO management, emphasizing its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic interventions. The condition's complex etiology encompasses both embolic and inflammatory processes, with significant associations to cardiovascular risk factors and systemic diseases. Despite its critical nature, CRAO management faces substantial challenges, including delayed patient presentation, limited therapeutic windows, and the absence of universally accepted treatment protocols. Current diagnostic approaches incorporate traditional fundoscopic examination alongside emerging technologies such as point-of-care ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. While conventional management strategies include ocular massage, intraocular pressure reduction, and systemic therapies, their efficacy remains limited by insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials. Emerging therapeutic approaches, including targeted thrombolysis, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and novel surgical interventions, show promise but require further investigation. The review emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving emergency medicine, ophthalmology, and neurology specialists to optimize patient outcomes. Future directions highlight the potential of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostics, standardized "eye stroke" protocols, and ongoing research into novel therapeutic interventions. Success in addressing these challenges requires continued investigation through rigorous clinical trials, improved public awareness regarding CRAO symptoms, and enhanced emergency department protocols to facilitate rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation.

Indexed as

acute retinal ischemiaartificial intelligence in diagnosiscentral retinal artery occlusion (crao)emergency department (ed) managementnd:yag laser embolysisneuro-ophthalmological emergencyophthalmic strokeoptical coherence tomography (oct)pars plana vitrectomy (ppv)thrombolytic therapy

Identifiers

PMID41127733
PMCPMC12538664

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.