Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41127524›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Autoimmune pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus: the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Milena Skibińska, Marian Kacerovsky, Mariusz Grzesiak, Wioletta Izabela Wujcicka

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Associations ofBiomolecules · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Milena SkibińskaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
Marian KacerovskyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia.
Mariusz GrzesiakDepartment of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
Wioletta Izabela WujcickaScientific Laboratory of the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most commonly diagnosed metabolic disorders in pregnancy, affecting between 5% and 20% of patients worldwide, depending on the diagnostic criteria and population. Although GDM pathogenesis is predominantly based on insulin resistance mechanisms resulting from the influence of pregnancy hormones, an increasing number of studies point to a significant role of immunological factors in the process of GDM development. In some GDM patients, autoantibodies targeting pancreatic beta cells are detected. Consequently, autoimmune processes may constitute an important element of GDM etiology, particularly in cases where GDM is a transitive condition leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after the pregnancy. Disorders causing the destruction of beta cells within the pancreas precipitate permanent hyperglycemia in patients with autoimmune GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus with autoantibodies). characteristics. Genetic factors also play a significant role in this process, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the tissue compatibility system, such as HLA, CTLA-4, PTPN22 and IL2RA, which cause predisposition to T1DM. The following article discusses the current state of knowledge and presents GDM pathogenesis from the standpoint of immune mechanisms capable of affecting the development of this condition. It discusses potential markers that may help identify GDM patients at risk of progressing to permanent diabetes mellitus as well as possible diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on the latest findings.

Indexed as

AutoimmunityDiabetes, GestationalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AutoantibodiesDisease ProgressionFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansPregnancyRisk FactorsAutoantibodiesbeta-cell dysfunctionGDMimmune dysregulationislet autoantibodiesT1DM

Identifiers

PMID41127524
PMCPMC12537413

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.