Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41127449›Full record

ArticleNature water2025

Assessing the role of servicing in enhancing sanitation-related quality of life among container-based sanitation users.

Benjamin Exton, Ana Casas, Amy Lewis, Simon Willcock, Beata Kupiec-Teahan, Dani J Barrington, Fiona Anciano, Paul Hutchings, Andrew R Bell, Mmeli Dube and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature water, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Benjamin ExtonFaculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8393-8667
Ana CasasFaculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK.
Amy LewisSchool of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Simon WillcockSchool of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9534-9114
Beata Kupiec-TeahanSchool of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Dani J BarringtonSchool of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1486-9247
Fiona AncianoDepartment of Political Studies, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Paul HutchingsSchool of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Andrew R BellDepartment of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1164-312X
Mmeli DubeDepartment of Political Studies, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Caroline KaraniMeru University of Science and Technology, Meru, Kenya.
Arturo LlaxacondorSanima, Lima, Peru.
Hellen LópezDepartment of Management Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
Alesia D OforiFaculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK.
Joy N RiunguMeru University of Science and Technology, Meru, Kenya.
Kory C RusselDepartment of Landscape Architecture and the Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA.
Alison ParkerFaculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7370-6758

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Here we evaluate the servicing of container-based sanitation (CBS)-which includes the collection, replacement and cleaning of cartridges-and its influence on sanitation-related quality of life (using the SanQoL-5 index) in informal settlements across Kenya, Peru and South Africa. We (1) compared the incidence and severity of problems associated with CBS toilets against other sanitation types, (2) assessed the quality of CBS servicing across different regions and implementations and (3) evaluated the relationship between servicing issues and sanitation-related quality of life, utilizing high-frequency longitudinal smartphone survey data collected at various intervals over 1 year. Results revealed significantly fewer and less severe issues were recorded for CBS toilets than other toilet types, such as pit latrines, sewers and open drains. CBS servicing was consistently well regarded in all countries. Participants in Kenya highlighted particular satisfaction with the frequency of container replacement, whereas, in Peru, the cleanliness of replacement containers was highly regarded. SanQoL-5 scores decreased when CBS servicing issues were recorded, particularly in Kenya. This study underscores the potential of CBS as a sustainable sanitation solution in urban informal settlements, provided that high-quality servicing is maintained.

Indexed as

Development studiesEnvironmental studies

Identifiers

PMID41127449
PMCPMC12537483

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.