Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41126238›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2025

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity, social activity, and joint trajectories of physical disability, depressive symptom, and cognitive function in mid-to-late life: a multicohort study.

Yue Zhang, Yaguan Zhou, Mika Kivimäki, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, Xiaolin Xu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Dynamic frailty exposure and cognitive aging trajectories: A multicohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yue ZhangSchool of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
Yaguan ZhouSchool of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
Mika KivimäkiUCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Julianne Holt-LunstadDepartment of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
Rodrigo M Carrillo-LarcoEmory Global Diabetes Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Xiaolin XuSchool of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. xiaolin.xu@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

China Medical Board 21-416Medical Research Council MR/Y014154/1Natural Science Foundation of Shenyang Municipality 72474197NIA NIH HHS R01AG056477, R01AG062553Research Council of Finland 350426the Wellcome Trust 221854/Z/20/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is limited evidence on the long-term associations between cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and multiple domains of functioning, and the potential role of social activity in these associations. We aimed to examine the associations between CMM and joint trajectories of physical disability, depressive symptom, and cognitive function, and whether social activity modifies these trajectories.

methodsThis multicohort study used pooled data of four prospective cohorts of adults from China, the UK, the USA, and Europe. Participants with complete information on cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs, including heart diseases, stroke, and diabetes) and social activity at baseline were included. Physical disability, depressive symptom, and cognitive function were measured one to five times. Longitudinal modelling was used to describe post-baseline trajectories of the three domains, stratified by CMM status and social activity.

resultsAmong 73,778 participants (age 63.4 ± 9.1 years, 56.0% female), 20.0% had single CMD and 4.3% had CMM at baseline. Participants with single CMD or CMM had persistently worse physical disability, depressive symptom, and cognitive function compared to those without CMD. CMM was associated with faster worsening of physical disability (β

conclusionsCMM was associated with worse levels, faster progression, and concurrent deterioration in physical disability, depressive symptom, and cognitive function, with the poorest trajectories among those who were socially inactive. This underscores the importance of implementing prevention strategies that integrate physical, psychological, cognitive, and social activities.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCognitionDepressionMultimorbidityPersons with DisabilitiesSocial ParticipationAgedFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesCardiometabolic diseasesCardiometabolic multimorbidityCognitive functionDepressive symptomPhysical disabilitySocial activity

Identifiers

PMID41126238
PMCPMC12542226

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.