ArticleBMC women's health2025
The association between various menstrual disorders and well-being was mediated by anxiety: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Menstrual disorders are common health concerns that can negatively impact psychological well-being. This study examined the mediating role of future anxiety in the relationship between various menstrual disorders and well-being.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 399 Taiwanese women aged 18-48 from June 2021 to May 2022. Participants reported their menstrual cycles during the last six months. Individuals suffer from menstrual disorders if they have one of the following symptoms: infrequency, irregularity, abnormal flow volume, intermenstrual bleeding, pain/cramps, premenstrual symptoms, and one or more missed menstrual periods. Anxiety was evaluated using the Dark Future Scale. Well-being was measured using the World Health Organization's Well-being Index.
resultsMediation analysis revealed that premenstrual symptoms were directly associated with well-being (coefficient (B) = -4.39, p = 0.018) and indirectly via future anxiety (B = -2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-3.77, -0.86]). Additionally, the indirect effect of menstrual pains/cramps on well-being through future anxiety was significant, as the 95% CI did not include zero (B = -2.14, 95% CI [-3.81 to -0.71]). Intermenstrual bleeding between periods and abnormal light bleeding have indirect effects on well-being only via future anxiety (B = -1.84, 95% CI [-3.47, -0.41] and B = -1.58, 95% CI [-3.24, -0.06], respectively). However, for missed, infrequent, or irregular menstrual periods, future anxiety was not a significant mediator. We did not observe a significant relationship between heavy and well-being.
conclusionsThis study highlights that future anxiety partially mediates the link between premenstrual symptoms and well-being, suggesting both direct and indirect effects. Intermenstrual bleeding, abnormal light bleeding, and menstrual pains/cramps have no direct impact on well-being but influence well-being only through future anxiety. However, missed, infrequent, or heavy/prolonged bleeding or irregular menstrual periods showed no significant association with well-being.
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