Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2025
Chemotherapy and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody impact on SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests in hematologic malignancies: a retrospective study.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPatients with hematologic malignancies may experience prolonged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with hematologic malignancies based on nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) results. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 NAAT positivity lasting ≥ 8 weeks (persistent NAAT-positive group) were compared with those who became NAAT-negative within 8 weeks (non-persistent NAAT-positive group).
methodsWe examined patients with COVID-19 and hematologic malignancies between April 2021 and January 2023 at Tenri Hospital in Japan, examining hematologic malignancy type, chemotherapy regimens, and laboratory data.
resultsNAAT results at 8 weeks were available for 43 patients; eight (19%) remained positive for 8 weeks or more, while 35 (81%) became negative in < 8 weeks. Univariate analysis between the two groups showed significant differences in disease severity (p = 0.001), anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) use within the past 6 months (7/8 [88%] vs. 16/35 [46%], respectively; p = 0.05), obinutuzumab use within the past 6 months (3/8 [38%] vs. 2/35 [6%], respectively; p = 0.037), and anti-CD20 mAbs maintenance treatment (3/8 [38%] vs. 1/35 [3%], respectively; p = 0.016). COVID-19-related mortality was higher in the persistent group (3/8 [37.5%] vs. 0/35 [0%], p = 0.005). Seven of the eight patients in the persistent NAAT-positive group had malignant lymphomas, and five had follicular lymphoma.
conclusionsThe use of anti-CD20 mAbs, especially obinutuzumab and maintenance treatment, is associated with long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with hematologic malignancies.
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