ArticleScientific reports2025
Unveiling the biological activity of Ocimum basilicum through nano graphene oxide foliar application with chemical and organic fertilizers broadcasting.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Achieving sustainable agricultural production through nanotechnology offers a promising approach to enhance both crop yield and quality. This study evaluated the effects of foliar graphene oxide nanoparticle (nGO) applications at 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg L⁻1 on the biological activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L. var. dino) grown with chemical fertilizer (Ch) (NPK: 90:60:60 kg ha⁻1) or farmyard manure (F) (30 t ha⁻1). Field trials were arranged based on a split-plot design in the randomized complete block with three replications, consisting of 11 plots (Control, F, Ch, F + nGO100, F + nGO200, F + nGO300, F + nGO500, Ch + nGO100, Ch + nGO200, Ch + nGO300, Ch + nGO500). Over two years (2022–2023), two cuttings were conducted annually. Increasing nGO doses reduced essential oil (EO) content. GC/FID-MS analysis identified linalool (48.8–57.92%) as the predominant EO component, followed by eugenol (16.62–26.24%), 1,8-cineole (5.11–10.66%), cis-α-bergamotene (3.37–8.05%), and γ-cadinene (1.38–2.67%). While nGO did not affect leaf extract antioxidant activity, it significantly influenced EO samples. While the highest DPPH and FRAP activities of EO were 68.22% and 253.5 µg TEs ml⁻1, respectively, these parameters were found to be 88.35% and 250.30 µg TEs mg⁻1 for the extracts. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) in extracts were 96.09 µg GAE mg⁻1 and 8.78 µg QE mg⁻1, respectively. FT-IR analysis revealed no detectable nGO residues in the dried leaves. The principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap analyses segregated applications into four groups, explaining 60.5% variance in basil’s antioxidant and EO profiles.
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