ArticleNature communications2025
Bacterial warfare is associated with virulence and antimicrobial resistance.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacterial weaponry and the ecological factors of competitive success.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- Identification of iron and zinc responsive TonB-dependent transporters in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Environment-Responsive Sustained-Release Nanoparticles for the Protection, Delivery and Release of Clove Essential Oil to Improve Foodborne Bacterial Colitis Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Genomic Insights Into Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Enterococcus avium Strains From Bovine Mastitis in Some Selected Dairy Farms of Bangladesh.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Global Control of Phosphotransferase System-Mediated Carbon Metabolism by CRP Is Associated with Metabolic Homeostasis and Virulence inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- From ecology to evolution: plasmid- and colicin-mediated persistence of antibiotic-resistantmSystems · 2026Article
- Bacteriocins fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Molecular determinants ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms to inhibit and kill competitors. However, why some bacteria carry such weapons while others do not remains poorly understood. Here we explore this question using the genomics of the bacteriocins of E. coli as a model system, which have large well-annotated bioinformatic resources. While bacteriocins occur widely, we find that carriage is particularly associated with pathogenic extra-intestinal (ExPEC) strains. These pathogens commonly carry large plasmids encoding bacteriocins alongside virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Across all strains, we find many orphan immunity proteins, which protect against bacteriocins and suggest that these bacterial weapons are important in nature. We also present evidence that bacteriocin toxins readily move between strains via plasmid transfer and even between plasmids via transposons. Finally, we show that several E. coli bacteriocins are widely shared with the pathogen Salmonella enterica, further cementing the link to virulence. Our work suggests that the bacteriocins of E. coli are important antibacterial weapons for dangerous antimicrobial-resistant strains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.