Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41125279›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

A longitudinal, population-based, record-linked natural experiment on the effects of extreme heat events on mental health in urban communities: a study protocol.

Emeka Chukwusa, Giulia Vivaldi, Lea Baecker, Emily Bowerman, Nick Bridge, Neil Davidson, Arturo de la Cruz, Antonio Gasparrini, Johanna Gibbons, Anne Guerry and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Emeka ChukwusaCentre for Mental Health Policy & Evaluation, Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK emeka.chukwusa@kcl.ac.uk.
Giulia VivaldiCentre for Mental Health Policy & Evaluation, Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-9276
Lea BaeckerDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6218-0292
Emily BowermanJ&L Gibbons, London, UK.
Nick BridgeKing's College London, London, UK.
Neil DavidsonJ&L Gibbons, London, UK.
Arturo de la CruzEnvironment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Antonio GasparriniEnvironment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-3568
Johanna GibbonsJ&L Gibbons, London, UK.
Anne GuerryNatural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Ryan HammoudDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-0753
Yingjie LiNatural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-0649
Yougeng LuNatural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Lisa MandleNatural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
David OsbornDepartment of Epidemiology and Applied Clinical Research, UCL, London, UK.
Anders RydstromNatural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Michael SmytheBethnal Green Nature Reserve, London, UK.
Robert StewartDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Stefania TogninDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Matthew WhiteHerbert Smith Freehills LLP, London, UK.
Justin YangDepartment of Epidemiology and Applied Clinical Research, UCL, London, UK.
Andrea MechelliDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Ioannis BakolisCentre for Mental Health Policy & Evaluation, Department of Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionStudies suggest that extreme heat events can have negative effects on mental health. However, characterisation of these effects in urban communities remains limited, and few studies have investigated the potential modifying effects of demographic, clinical and environmental characteristics. The aim of this study is to address this knowledge gap and quantify the impacts of extreme heat on mental health, health service use and mental well-being in vulnerable urban populations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In this multidisciplinary project, we will assess mental health outcomes in different populations by bringing together two distinct datasets: electronic health record (EHR) data on mental health service users and data from general public participants of Urban Mind, a citizen science project. We will use EHRs from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) and the North London NHS Foundation Trust (NLFT), from six boroughs which collectively cover more than 1.8 million residents in Greater London, to capture mental health service use and mortality among people with existing diagnoses of mental illness across 2008-2023. We will use smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment data from Urban Mind to measure mental well-being in the general population (2018-2023). These datasets will be linked to high-resolution spatiotemporal data on temperature, fine and coarse particulate matter (PM ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Each component of this project has been approved by the relevant ethics committee (ref RESCM-22/23-6905 for Urban Mind, LRS/DP-23/24-41409 for the co-development of a screening tool, 23/SC/0257 for the SLaM EHRs, and 24/EE/0178 for the NLFT EHRs). Our dissemination plan includes peer-reviewed scientific articles, policy briefs, a practical guide on fostering ecological and human resilience at the neighbourhood level, and a technical guide for planting and improving the growing conditions of large canopy trees.

Indexed as

Extreme HeatMental DisordersMental HealthUrban PopulationElectronic Health RecordsHumansLondonLongitudinal StudiesMental Health ServicesResearch DesignClimate ChangeElectronic Health RecordsEPIDEMIOLOGYMENTAL HEALTHObservational Study

Identifiers

PMID41125279
PMCPMC12548616

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.