ArticleClinical and experimental pediatrics2026
Associations of routine breakfast and napping habits with early adiposity rebound by age 3 years: a population-based cohort study in Japan.
Article in Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Adiposity rebound in early childhood: understanding body mass index percentiles and monitoring on growth charts to be healthy.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundEarly adiposity rebound (AR) is a key predictor of later obesity and metabolic risk, yet modifiable factors related to early AR remain understudied in large populations. PURPOSE: To quantify the prevalence of early AR at age 3 years and identify modifiable correlates in a population‑based cohort of Japanese preschool children.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed health-check records for 74,466 children who attended both 1.5- and 3-year examinations (2014-2019). Body mass index (BMI) values were converted to World Health Organization z scores; early AR was defined as any increase in BMI between 1.5 and 3 years. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for birth weight category, sex, household structure, sleep duration, and behavioral factors.
resultsEarly AR occurred in 18,673 children (25%), whereas obesity (BMI z score ≥1.64) was present in 4% at 3 years. After controlling the adjustments, routine breakfast consumption (odds ratio [OR] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.97) and regular napping at 1.5 years (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.90) were independently associated with reduced odds of early AR, while obesity at 1.5 years strongly predicted early AR (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 4.00-4.67). Routine juice intake or fast-food consumption showed no significant associations.
conclusionIn this population‑based cohort, one in 4 preschoolers had early AR by age 3. Simple daily routines-eating breakfast and maintaining regular sleep-may help delay AR and offer actionable targets for early obesity prevention.
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