Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41124816›Full record

ArticleEnvironment international2025

Local environmental attributes and type 2 diabetes: Green amenities, walkability indicators, and air pollution are associated with incidence.

David S Curtis, Huong D Meeks, Ken R Smith, Kyle Kole, Barbara B Brown, Sara Grineski, Austin S Clark, Lori Kowaleski-Jones

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environment international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

David S CurtisDepartment of Family & Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Electronic address: david.curtis@fcs.utah.edu.
Huong D MeeksDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Ken R SmithDepartment of Family & Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Kyle KoleDepartment of Family & Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Barbara B BrownDepartment of Family & Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Sara GrineskiDepartment of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Austin S ClarkSchool of Environment, Society and Sustainability, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Lori Kowaleski-JonesDepartment of Family & Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Funding

Area-level Socio-economic Conditions and Individual-level Health and Mortality: Exploring Place-Based Mechanisms and Individual-level Psychosocial ProcessesR01AG080440 · NIA · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI David Stuart Curtis · 2023 to 2026
$2.2M
Family, Neighborhoods, and Intergenerational Transmission of Type II Diabetes RiskR01DK118405 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI KOWALESKI-JONES, LORI · 2020 to 2023
$1.4M
Sharing statewide health data for genetic research (1 R01 RR021746-01A1)R01RR021746 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI MINEAU, GERALDINE P · 2007 to 2009
$770k
NCRR NIH HHS R01 RR021746NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080440NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK118405
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although multiple environmental attributes have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence, longitudinal evidence is needed that accounts for co-exposures and key confounding variables. This study estimates associations between environmental attributes (i.e., green amenities, air pollution, neighborhood walkability indicators, and availability of food retailers) and T2D incidence. Records came from the Utah Population Database and included individuals born from 1970 to 1990 and their parents residing in the four-county urban core of Utah (N = 909,729). T2D diagnoses came from multiple health data sources, spanning from 1996 to 2019. Time-varying environmental attributes were objectively measured, and covariate adjustment included area- and individual-level socioeconomic characteristics, geographic correlates of environmental attributes, and family history of T2D. Results from Cox regression models indicated that higher block group-level residential greenness (HR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97), green land cover (HR = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.00), and active commuting rate (HR = 0.964, 95% CI: 0.95, 0.98) were independently associated with reduced T2D hazard. In contrast, higher concentration of ambient particulate matter (HR = 1.079, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12) and intersection density (HR = 1.026, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04) were associated with increased T2D hazard. Population density and food retailer availability were not associated with T2D hazard. Inferences were similar in sensitivity tests that aimed to remove prevalent cases, accounted for period effects, and modeled attributes at the scale of census tracts. Our findings suggest that green amenities, air pollution, and land use should not be overlooked in societal efforts to improve population-level metabolic health.

Indexed as

Air PollutionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Neighborhood CharacteristicsWalkingAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedResidence CharacteristicsUtahEnvironmentFast foodGreennessNeighborhood effectsPollutionType 2 diabetesWalkability

Identifiers

PMID41124816
PMCPMC12667425

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.