Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2026
Nivolumab for Resected Stage III or IV Melanoma at 9 Years.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT02388906 (A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Adjuvant Immunotherapy With Nivolumab Versus Ipilimumab After Complete Resection of Stage IIIb/c or Stage IV Melanoma in Subjects Who Are at High Risk for Recurrence), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Adjuvant Immunotherapy With Nivolumab Versus Ipilimumab After Complete Resection of Stage IIIb/c or Stage IV Melanoma in Subjects Who Are at High Risk for Recurrence (CheckMate 238: CHECKpoint Pathway and nivoluMAb Clinical Trial Evaluation 238)
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modulating the gut microbiota to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- [Data and clinical experience of patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy between 2020 and 2025 at the National Institute of Oncology, Hungary].Magyar onkologia · 2026Article
- Durable benefits, but no improvements in overall survival: what can we learn from CheckMate 238 after 9 years of follow-up?Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways in melanoma brain metastasis.Annals of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in Therapeutic Melanoma Vaccines (2010-2025).Vaccines · 2026Review
- Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy: Time Will Tell.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Review
- Epidemiology and Treatment Patterns of Stage III Resectable Melanoma Treated with Adjuvant Therapy: A Real-World Study Using the SNDS Database in France.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Addressing Biases in Analysis of Time of Infusion: NCI/SWOG Trial S1404 Among Participants With High-Risk Resectable Melanoma Who Received Adjuvant Anti-PD-1 Therapy.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Adjuvant Approaches in Fully Resected Stage III and IV Cutaneous Melanoma: Where Are We Now?Cancers · 2026Review
- The Use and Utility of Adjuvant Checkpoint Inhibitors in Elderly Patients with Melanoma: A Single Institution Experience.Cancers · 2026Article
- Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Comprehensive analysis of prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy response in patients with advanced malignant melanoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Reconsidering adjuvant and perioperative immune-checkpoint inhibition: de-escalation, expansion and personalization.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- ChronoimmunoTOX: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study on How the Time of Administration Impacts Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Toxicity in Melanoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the CheckMate 238 trial, patients with resected stage IIIB-C or stage IV melanoma who were treated with nivolumab had longer recurrence-free survival than those who received ipilimumab. Data were needed on longer-term survival.
methodsWe randomly assigned patients in a 1:1 ratio to receive an intravenous infusion of nivolumab (at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight every 2 weeks) or ipilimumab (at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram every 3 weeks for four doses, then every 12 weeks) for up to 1 year or until disease recurrence or the occurrence of unacceptable toxic effects. Randomization was stratified according to disease stage and status with respect to programmed cell death ligand 1. The primary end point was recurrence-free survival; secondary end points included overall and distant metastasis-free survival and safety.
resultsAt a minimum follow-up of nearly 9 years (107 months), the median duration of recurrence-free survival was 61.1 months with nivolumab and 24.2 months with ipilimumab (hazard ratio for recurrence or death, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 0.90); 9-year recurrence-free survival was 44% and 37%, respectively. The median duration of distant metastasis-free survival in patients with stage III melanoma was more than 9 years with nivolumab and 83.8 months with ipilimumab, with 9-year survival of 54% and 48%, respectively (hazard ratio for distant metastasis or death, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.00). The median overall survival was more than 9 years in both trial groups, with 9-year survival of 69% in the nivolumab group and 65% in the ipilimumab group (hazard ratio for death, 0.88; 95.03% CI, 0.69 to 1.11). The rates of death from melanoma at 9 years were 26% with nivolumab and 30% with ipilimumab (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.13). Subsequent systemic therapy was administered to fewer patients in the nivolumab group than in the ipilimumab group (37.3% vs. 44.6%). No new late adverse events were reported.
conclusionsThe 9-year final data support a sustained finding of longer recurrence-free survival with nivolumab than with ipilimumab. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical; CheckMate 238 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02388906; Eudra-CT number, 2014-002351-26.).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.