Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41123832›Full record

ArticleJournal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing2026

Evaluation of variable inter-pulse delay and timing on pulsed field ablation lesion characteristics.

Nathaniel A Steiger, Daniel Campos-Villarreal, Logan McClennen, Justin Bilenker, Mark Zurcher, Melvin Lorenzo, Carlos Patino, Carlos Matos, Carolina Hoyas-Ochoa, Usha B Tedrow and 3 more

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Article in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Nathaniel A SteigerCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Daniel Campos-VillarrealCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Logan McClennenCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Justin BilenkerCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Mark ZurcherArga Medtech, San Diego, CA, USA.
Melvin LorenzoArga Medtech, San Diego, CA, USA.
Carlos PatinoCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Carlos MatosCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Carolina Hoyas-OchoaCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Usha B TedrowCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Paul C ZeiCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Jorge E RomeroCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
William H SauerCardiac Arrhythmia Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. wsauer@bwh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8556-3612

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIrreversible electroporation with pulsed-field ablation (PFA) represents a promising modality via myocyte-selective treatment of arrhythmias. However, aside from voltage, a thorough evaluation of PFA output parameters on lesion characteristics has not been performed.

objectiveTo demonstrate the impact of timing cycle attributes on PFA lesion characteristics using an established in vitro electroporation model.

methodsRusset potato slabs underwent unipolar PFA using a 3.5-mm electrode catheter connected to a programmable PFA generator. PFA waveforms were delivered with a train ranging from 1 to 3 biphasic pulses, 1 to 50 cycles, frequency of 50 kHz, inter-pulse delay of 200 to 1310 ms, and with repeated applications using variable inter-application pauses from 5 to 20 s. Experiments were repeated with varying voltage outputs. The slabs were sliced, stained, and measured.

resultsIncreasing number of cycles and number of PFA applications were associated with larger lesions but reached a plateau effect despite increased total energy delivered. There was a linear relationship between increasing inter-pulse delay and depth. There was no change in lesion size with application period.

conclusionIncreasing the inter-pulse delay of pulse sequences created deeper lesions despite total energy remaining constant and achieved similar depths compared to pulses that used more cycles and greater number of applications. Modulating inter-pulse delay may be useful for controlling lesion depth without increasing total application energy delivery, which may reduce risks associated with high energy PFA pulses. Further research is required to correlate these in vitro findings with in vivo results and clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

ElectroporationIrreversible Electroporation TherapyAnimalsIn Vitro TechniquesTime FactorsBiophysicsElectroporationInter-pulse delayPulsed field ablationPulse timing

Identifiers

PMID41123832

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.