Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41123808›Full record

ArticleCognitive processing2026

Tactile learning and memory deficits following cigarette and e-cigarette exposure: neural alterations in the barrel cortex and hippocampus.

Sina Delshad, Mohammad Farajli Abbasi, Nima Geraminia, Elahe Rohani, Farzaneh Vafaee, Farahnaz Taheri, Monavareh Soti, Vahid Sheibani, Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh

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Article in Cognitive processing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sina Delshad *Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Mohammad Farajli Abbasi *Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Nima GeraminiaNeuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Elahe RohaniCognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Farzaneh VafaeeNeuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Farahnaz TaheriNeurology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Monavareh SotiNeuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Vahid SheibaniCognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Mansoureh SabzalizadehCognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. m.sabzalizadeh@kmu.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-4100

Funding

Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences KNRC/02-17
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCigarette use increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. While electronic cigarettes (E.CIG) are promoted as a safer alternative, they may still cause neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. This study evaluated the effects of cigarette and electronic cigarette exposure on tactile learning, a subject that has not been previously investigated.

methodThree groups of rats were exposed to air (control), cigarettes and E.CIG for 35 days. Behavioral tests including Open Field Test (OFT), Novel Texture Recognition Test (NTRT), and Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) were performed. Furthermore, neural degeneration in hippocampus and barrel cortex was evaluated by histological method.

resultThe results of behavioral tests indicated that cognitive performance reduces in rats exposed to cigarettes and E.CIG compared to the control group. Therefore, it can be inferred that both cigarettes or E.CIG have the potential to harm the hippocampus and barrel cortex. Histological staining of the hippocampus and barrel cortex tissues of rats in the group exposed to cigarettes or E.CIG showed increase of cells with dark and pyknotic nuclei and dense and dark cytoplasm compared to the control group.

conclusionThe study finds that both cigarettes and e-cigarettes impair tactile learning and memory function by reducing cell viability in the barrel cortex and hippocampus.

Indexed as

Behavior, AnimalElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsHippocampusMemory DisordersSomatosensory CortexTouch PerceptionAnimalsMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRecognition, PsychologyCigaretteMemorySomatosensory cortexTactile learningVapes

Identifiers

PMID41123808

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.