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ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026

Ophthalmic-targeted brinzolamide-laden cubosomal solid lipid nano-vesicular system (Cube-SLNV): design, development, and in vitro and ex vivo characterization.

Hardik Rana, Ujash Bhalodia, Ayushi Patel, Vaishali Thakkar, Mansi Dholakia, Chetna Modi, Tejal Gandhi

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Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hardik RanaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, India. hardikrana1439@gmail.com.
Ujash BhalodiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, India.
Ayushi PatelDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, India.
Vaishali ThakkarDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, India.
Mansi DholakiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, India.
Chetna ModiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, India.
Tejal GandhiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A better functional and site-specific drug delivery system for ophthalmic disease is necessary for the treatment of glaucoma. The present study aimed to design a brinzolamide (BRZ)-loaded cubosomal solid lipid nano-vesicular system (Cube-SLNV) that accomplished advanced statistical tools. Another objective was to overcome the problem of burst release associated with Glyceryl monooleate (GMO) Cube-SLNV by incorporating Gelucire 43/01 (GC43/01). The emulsification method was used to synthesize BRZ Cube-SLNV. The Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was utilized to screen the critical material (CMAs) and process attributes (CPPs). The optimization of the Cube-SLNV was accomplished through Box-Behnken design (BBD). Multivariate tools were applied to estimate the correlation between screened CMAs and critical quality attributes (CQAs). The Cube-SLNV was characterized by size, its size distribution, stability, thermal behavior, chemical interactions, BRZ release, entrapment efficiency, pH, sterility testing, and ex vivo irritation study. GMO and GC43/01 were chosen as solid lipids, whereas Poloxamer 407 (PLX) was a stabilizer for Cube-SLNV in preliminary trials. PBD-the Pareto chart suggested the significant influence of the amount of GMO, GC43/01, and PLX on the performance of Cube-SLNV, so chosen as CMAs for further optimization. BBD identified a crucial relationship between chosen CMAs and CQAs - Cube-SLNV size, poly-dispersibility index (PDI), and BRZ release. The optimized Cube-SLNV size was determined to be 101.2 nm, with a zeta potential of - 34.6 mV, a PDI of 0.253, and more than 90% entrapment efficiency. Cube-SLNV can release more than 90% BRZ within 8 h. DSC and FTIR confirmed the formation of Cube-SLNV-loaded BRZ. HATCAM study revealed that the formulation has no irritancy. The controlled release behavior from optimized BRZ with higher entrapment efficiency was observed. Cube-SLNV was developed with the amalgamation of PBD for screening and BBD for correlating CMAs and CQAs. This novel delivery system is a revitalized formulation that promises to give a potential molecule a new lease of life.

Indexed as

Carbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsLipidsNanoparticlesSulfonamidesThiazinesAdministration, OphthalmicAnimalsDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationGlyceridesMaleParticle SizeRabbitsbrinzolamideCarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsDrug CarriersGlyceridesLipidsmonooleinSulfonamidesThiazinesBox-Behnken designCubosomesGelucire 43/01Plackett–Burman designPoloxamer 407

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.