ArticlePain research & management2025
The Susceptibility of Coccydynia in Morphology: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Pain research & management, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Morphometric Variants of the Coccyx in an Eastern Indian Cohort: Analysis from a Tertiary Care Center.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Coccyx morphologic features have been found to be associated with coccydynia, while coccygeal anatomical data of patients with coccydynia is scarce. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphological and morphometric parameters of the sacrococcyx in patients experiencing coccydynia. Methods: Radiographic examinations of the pelvis were conducted on a cohort of 244 patients diagnosed with coccydynia. Sacrococcygeal morphological features and morphometric parameters were documented and measured. Results: The most prevalent coccyx type was Type II (33.1%), followed by Type III (28.1%), Type IV (21.5%), Type I (12%), and Type V (5.4%), respectively. Coccygeal sacralization was present approximately one-third of cases. Around a quarter of the subjects exhibited subluxation. Bony spicule was present in 22.3% individuals. Lateral deviation of the coccyx was present in roughly one-fifth of the patients. Sacral curvature index and sacrococcygeal angles were greater in males with coccydynia than in females, while the coccygeal curvature index was smaller in males. The straight length of the coccyx, coccygeal curved index, and sacrolumbar angle all showed an increase with age. Conclusion: Patients with coccydynia usually showed a more ventrally curved coccyx. Bony spicule, coccygeal sacralization, and lateral deviation of the coccyx were common among coccydynia patients. Coccyx alignment tended to become straighter, and the sacrolumbar angle tended to increase with age. Individuals presenting with these aforementioned anatomical features appear to be predisposed to coccydynia.
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