Observational studyFarmaceuticos comunitarios2025
[Initial descriptive study on Pharmaceutical Indication in community pharmacies in Central American countries].
Observational study in Farmaceuticos comunitarios, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Governing access to medicines in Central America: community pharmacy, patient safety, and lessons from Spain.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- From informal practice to structured care: pharmaceutical indication and minor ailment management in Latin American community pharmacy.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Within Good Pharmacy Practices, pharmaceutical indication is one of the most frequently requested pharmaceutical services in community pharmacies to address specific health problems as part of pharmaceutical care. This study aimed to explore the frequency and characteristics of pharmaceutical indication (PI), also known as pharmaceutical recommendation (PR), in Central American countries, specifically in private community pharmacies. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, exploratory, cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. An electronic questionnaire consisting of 23 closed-ended and one open-ended question was distributed to community pharmacists working in private pharmacies, that is, privately owned, non-state establishments in the region. Data from Nicaragua were excluded due to the low number of responses. The survey explored general characteristics, professional perceptions, and clinical practice. Content validation was performed with one pharmacist from each country. No personal data was collected. Results: Among the pharmacists who responded, PI/PR activities generally did not meet the common principles and reference frameworks supported by international organizations and national guidelines. Furthermore, there was considerable heterogeneity in the legislation and regulations governing this pharmaceutical service across Central America. The assessment of training received in this area revealed important opportunities for improvement. Conclusions: Community pharmacy services in the study group should be redefined within a more patient-centered, clinical model to optimize pharmacotherapy and contribute to the maintenance and improvement of individual and public health.
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Registered trials
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