ArticleJournal of clinical periodontology2026
Microbial Profiling of Saliva, Oral Rinse, Subgingival Plaque and GCF Reveals Site-Specific Dysbiosis in Periodontitis: A Within-Subject Comparison of 150 Participants.
Article in Journal of clinical periodontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Taxonomic and Functional Transitions in the Salivary Microbiome During Periodontal Disease Progression.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Observational
- Recent Advances in Microenvironment-Responsive Materials for Periodontitis Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Potential biomarkers for early periodontal inflammation: investigating CD5Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microbial Profiling of Saliva, Oral Rinse, Subgingival Plaque and GCF Reveals Site-Specific Dysbiosis in Periodontitis: A Within-Subject Comparison of 150 Participants.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Oral Microbiome in Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Periodontitis Cohorts.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimThis study aimed to compare the microbial communities across four oral sample types-saliva, oral rinse, subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)-and to identify disease-associated microbiota in periodontitis.
methodsOral samples were collected from 150 adults, each providing four types of samples in the same visit. Saliva (5 mL) and oral rinse (10 mL, 30-s swish) were collected prior to clinical examination. Subgingival plaque was sampled using a curette from the two deepest pockets, followed by GCF collection via 20-s insertion of gingival retraction cords at the same sites. All samples underwent 16S rRNA (V3-V4) sequencing. Site-specific microbial profiles were evaluated across all participants. For disease comparisons, only individuals with clear periodontal status (periodontally healthy, n = 41; stage III/IV periodontitis, n = 43) were included, excluding stage I/II cases (n = 66).
resultsSaliva and oral rinse formed one microbial cluster; plaque and GCF formed another. Alpha diversity was found increased in disease, except in GCF. Beta diversity showed the most distinct disease-related shift in GCF. Red complex pathogens and GCF-specific differentially abundant taxa were markedly enriched in periodontitis.
conclusionsGCF yielded the clearest microbial differentiation between health and periodontitis, supporting its diagnostic utility.
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Registered trials
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