ArticleHarm reduction journal2025
HIV vaulnerability among people who inject drugs (PWID): findings from the Bangladesh integrated biological and behavioural surveillance (IBBS) study 2020.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The HIV/AIDS landscape in Bangladesh: an updated review of epidemiological trends, prevention gaps, and key population engagement.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPeople who inject drugs (PWID) contribute significantly to the global HIV burden. Various individual and contextual factors exacerbate the risk of HIV among PWID, this problem is particularly acute in low- and middle-income countries, where resource constraints impede effective prevention and treatment efforts. Although Bangladesh is classified as a low HIV prevalence country, and despite national efforts, including surveillance through the Integrated Biobehavioural Survey (IBBS), gaps in evidence and actionable insights persist. This study aims to analyse the latest IBBS 2020 data to identify risk factors associated with HIV vulnerability among PWID in Bangladesh, informing culturally relevant and targeted harm reduction strategies to mitigate these risks.
methodThis study analysed data from IBBS, which used a two-stage cluster sampling and Time Location Sampling methods to recruit participants. Data were collected across four domains: (1) Sociodemographic characteristics, (2) Drug and Injection-Related Behaviours, (3) Sexual Behaviours, and (4) Co-infections, with blood samples collected for HIV, hepatitis-C, and syphilis serological testing. Sample weights were applied to adjust for the complex survey design. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and risk behaviours. Two binary logistic regression models were used to identify HIV risk factors: The Fully Adjusted Model, which included all plausible confounders and used the Wald backward elimination method to determine significant predictors, and the Partially Adjusted Model, which controlled for age, gender, and education to explore intermediate factors through adjusting confounding or mediation.
resultOverall, the prevalence of HIV among PWID was 4.1%. Social exclusion (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.1, 2.7). Hepatitis C infection (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI 1.6, 4.0), drug use of more than 10 years (AOR: 3.74, 95% CI 1.3, 10.8), injecting once or more daily (AOR: 5.23, 95% CI 2.6, 10.7), having multiple injecting partners (AOR: 3.11, 95% CI 1.8, 5.3) sharing injecting accessories (AOR: 2.55, 95% CI 1.5, 4.4) and engaging with a commercial sex partner (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.1, 2.9) emerged as significant predictors of HIV risk among PWID patients.
conclusionThis study reveals the heightened HIV risk among PWID in Bangladesh, driven by intertwined social, behavioural, biological, and structural factors. It underscores the urgent need for tailored, holistic interventions combining harm reduction, structural reforms, and biomedical strategies to address vulnerabilities, reduce high-risk behaviours, and improve healthcare access for this marginalized group.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.