ArticleBMC public health2025
Association between obesity and the intersection of depression, sex, and race in Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional analysis of population-based survey.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Co-occurrence of health risk behaviors and depression in the Brazilian population: analysis of a population-based survey (Vigitel, 2023).Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA bidirectional relationship between obesity and depression is reported; racial and sex inequities may contribute to this relationship in low- and middle-income countries.
methodsCross-sectional study with data from 2019 Pesquisa Nacional de Saude (Brazilian National Health Survey), aiming to investigate the association of obesity and the intersection between depression, sex, and race/skin color in Brazilian adults (n = 87,497). Depression was investigated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and obesity by the Body Mass Index (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). Sex and race/skin color were analyzed separately and combined: white men; white women; black men; black women. Odds Ratios (OR) were estimated using Logistic regression models adjusted by sociodemographic data. Obesity was the outcome, while depression and its intersections with sex and race/skin color were explanatory variables. Individuals without depression were the reference group in all models.
resultsDepression prevalence was 10.8%, and obesity prevalence was 21.3%. Depression was associated with a higher chance of presenting obesity in the total population (OR:1.37; p < 0.001). Women with depression had higher chance to present obesity (OR:1.55; p < 0.001) compared to those without depression. Black individuals with depression (OR:1.37; p < 0.001) and white individuals with depression (OR:1.38; p < 0.001) had similar higher chances to present obesity. Considering the intersection between sex and race/skin color, compared to individuals without depression, black women with depression presented 59% higher chance of obesity (OR:1.59; p < 0.001), followed by white women with depression (OR:1.50; p < 0.001).
conclusionsDepression was associated with an increased chance of obesity with this relationship varying by sex and race/skin color. The strongest association was observed among black women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.