Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41121086›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2025

Program standards and student competencies among global chiropractic accreditation agencies: a content analysis.

Claire D Johnson, Bart N Green, Lyndon Amorin-Woods, David Byfield, Waleska Crespo-Rivera, Philip Dewhurst, Chantale Doucet, Andy Dunn, Marina Fox, Amanda Jones-Harris and 12 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Claire D JohnsonNational University of Health Sciences, Lombard, USA. cjohnson@nuhs.edu.
Bart N GreenNational University of Health Sciences, Lombard, USA.
Lyndon Amorin-WoodsMurdoch University, Perth, Australia.
David ByfieldUniversity of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.
Waleska Crespo-RiveraUniversidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Philip DewhurstHealth Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK.
Chantale DoucetUniversité du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois- Rivières, Canada.
Andy DunnVeterans Affairs Western New York, Buffalo, USA.
Marina FoxNew Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand.
Amanda Jones-HarrisHealth Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK.
Carolina KolbergUniversidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil.
Charmaine M KorporaalDurban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Craig LittleCouncil on Chiropractic Education, Scottsdale, USA.
Daniel MooreTeesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
John MrozekTexas Chiropractic College, Pasadena, USA.
Gary SchultzUniversity of Western States, Portland, USA.
Gregory SnowPalmer College of Chiropractic West, San Jose, USA.
Stephney WhillierMacquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
David WickesCanadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada.
Yi Kai WongSchool of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Christopher YelvertonUniversity of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Igor HimelfarbNational Board of Chiropractic Examiners, Greeley, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccreditation of healthcare provider training programs ensures graduate competency and provides a means for programs to improve. Accreditation consistency assures the public that healthcare providers have similar basic training across world regions. Currently, it is unknown if chiropractic accrediting agencies have congruent standards globally. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate similarities and differences in student competencies and program standards among four chiropractic accreditation agencies worldwide.

methodsA quantitative content analysis was performed on accreditation standards from regional international accreditation agencies responsible for accrediting the majority of the world's chiropractic degree programs. Agencies included the Council on Chiropractic Education (United States), the European Council on Chiropractic Education (Europe, United Kingdom, South Africa), the Council on Chiropractic Education Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia), and the Council on Chiropractic Education Canada (Canada). The contents of the accrediting standards were coded using a standardized coding list. A modified Delphi technique was used by 21 international experts from December 1, 2023, to April 18, 2024. After four rounds of consideration to achieve consensus, the contents were analyzed for frequency and congruence of coded items across the accrediting agencies' standards. A two-way analysis of variance was conducted to identify if there were any differences among the accreditation agencies.

resultsNeither student competencies [F(3,8) = 0.007, p > .05] nor program standards [F(3,4) = 0.002, p > .05] differed significantly across the accrediting agencies. The statistical relationships between accreditation agencies and coding frequencies remained stable across all coded items, with no single code exhibiting differential performance depending on the accrediting body. The overall model showed R

conclusionsThe study findings demonstrate congruence for student competencies and program standards among chiropractic accreditation agencies across multiple geographic regions. The patterns of content were stable and consistent across the four accrediting agencies, with no evidence of differential effects among the agencies. In addition, this study provides essential details and standardized codes for agencies' documents, which may facilitate dialogue and comprehension among agencies, educators, regulators, governing officials, and other stakeholders in chiropractic education. STUDY REGISTRATION: The study protocol was prospectively registered with Open Science Framework on November 30, 2023 https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/259WC .

Indexed as

AccreditationChiropracticClinical CompetenceDelphi TechniqueHumansUnited StatesAccreditationChiropracticCredentialingEducationHealth occupations

Identifiers

PMID41121086
PMCPMC12542019

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.