ArticleBMC public health2025
Associations of metabolic heterogeneity of obesity, cardiometabolic index with sleep trajectory among middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association of weekday sleep duration and estimated glucose disposal rate: the role of weekend catch-up sleep.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAn alarming bidirectional relationship exists between prolonged sleep duration and obesity. However, obesity exhibits metabolic heterogeneity, and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) serves as a potential indicator of visceral fat distribution and function. The relationship of metabolic heterogeneity of obesity, CMI and sleep trajectory remain unclear.
methodsA total 6359 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. Metabolic heterogeneity of obesity was evaluated based on four obesity and metabolic phenotypes as metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOO), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOO). CMI was calculated using the established formula: (TG/HDL-C) × WHtR, where WHtR indicates waist-to-height ratio. Sleep duration trajectories from 2011 to 2020 were identified using group-based trajectory modeling.
resultsFour trajectories were identified in the total sleep duration: the decreasing (8.5%), the short stable (36.8%), the normal stable (49.1%) and the increasing (5.6%). In the increasing sleep group, individuals with MUOO (OR = 1.594, 95%CI: 1.163 ~ 2.161, P = 0.003) or higher CMI (OR = 1.495, 95%CI: 1.159 ~ 1.930, P = 0.002) exhibited a significantly higher risk of increasing sleep duration trajectory over time in the comparison with normal stable sleep group. Compared to normal stable sleep trajectory, MUOO in the both decreasing and short sleep group demonstrated attenuated progression toward shortened sleep duration over time.
conclusionHigh CMI level and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity promoted the progression toward longer sleep duration. Our finding highlighted that greater attention be given to metabolism status and visceral fat for improving sleep quality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.