GBD 2023: over twice the health loss from headache disorders among females compared with males, and one fifth of the loss is attributable to medication overuse.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Sex-specific management of migraine a systematic review and consensus statement from the European Headache Federation (EHF).The journal of headache and pain · 2026
   Pooled it
2. Peripheral nerve block in patients with medication-overuse headache: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2026
   Pooled it
3. Effectiveness of neuromodulation techniques for migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026
   Pooled it
4. Comparative effects of combined aerobic exercise-based interventions on metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory markers in adult men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026
   Pooled it
5. Lacosamide Versus Propranolol in Episodic Migraine, a Randomized Controlled Double-blinded Trial.Molecular neurobiology · 2026
   Trial
6. Driving Mechanisms and Future Trends of Migraine and Tension-Type Headache Burden in G20 Countries: A Comparative Analysis Utilizing Decomposition Analysis and Explainable Machine Learning.Pain and therapy · 2026
   Article
7. Common Mechanisms in Migraine, Migraine-Related Neck Pain, and Low Back Pain: Implications for Treatment.Pain and therapy · 2026
   Review
8. Plasma metabolomic signatures of migraine in 479,760 adults.iScience · 2026
   Article
9. Headache disorders and the Global Burden of Disease study: deficiencies, challenges and opportunities for betterment.The journal of headache and pain · 2026
   Article
10. Comorbidity of Temporomandibular Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, and Poor Sleep Quality in Episodic and Chronic Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Article
11. The Influence of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Val158Met Polymorphism in Cognitive Performance and Executive Functioning in Women with Migraine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Article
12. What's Needed for a Migraine Cost-Of-Illness Study in Aotearoa New Zealand: Review of Data Sources and Gaps.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026
    Review
13. Migraine, headache disorders, and brain health: aligning advocacy with the UN Sustainable Development Goals.The journal of headache and pain · 2026
    Article
14. International Headache Week 2026: March 15-21.The journal of headache and pain · 2026
    Article
15. Electroacupuncture alleviates migraine through CXCL13/CXCR5-mediated communication.Chinese medicine · 2026
    Article
16. Real-World Data on the Efficacy of OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections as Prophylactic Treatment for Migraine: A Retrospective Study from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2016-2024).Pain and therapy · 2026
    Article

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as