Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41120782›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

Machine Learning to Identify Physician Actions Associated with Patient Experience of Compassion.

Clifford M Marks, Patrice Baptista, Cameron Gaines, Christopher W Jones, Lauren Remboski, Andrew Nyce, Amanda M Scudder, Adrian D Haimovich, Nathan I Shapiro, Stephen Trzeciak and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Patient Experience of Clinician Compassion Is Associated With Healthcare System Distrust Among Emergency Department Patients.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Clifford M MarksThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Patrice BaptistaThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care (CUHC), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (CMSRU), NJ, Camden, USA.
Cameron GainesThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care (CUHC), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (CMSRU), NJ, Camden, USA.
Christopher W JonesThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care (CUHC), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (CMSRU), NJ, Camden, USA.
Lauren RemboskiThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care (CUHC), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (CMSRU), NJ, Camden, USA.
Andrew NyceThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care (CUHC), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (CMSRU), NJ, Camden, USA.
Amanda M ScudderThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Adrian D HaimovichThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Nathan I ShapiroThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Stephen TrzeciakThe Department of Medicine, CUHC/CMSRU, NJ, Camden, USA.
Brian W RobertsThe Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper University Health Care (CUHC), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (CMSRU), NJ, Camden, USA. roberts-brian-w@cooperhealth.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7690-997X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPhysician compassion is associated with improvement in a variety of patient outcomes, but it remains unclear which individual physician behaviors affect patients' experience of compassion.

objectiveTo determine which physician behaviors are most associated with patients' experience of compassion.

designWe conducted a cross-sectional study at two urban academic emergency departments (ED) from September 2023 to May 2024. Participants completed questionnaires with a previously validated 5-item compassion measure and questions about whether the patient's physician exhibited any of 27 behaviors previously proposed to be associated with compassion.

participantsWe enrolled adult (age 18 years or older) patients presenting to each ED. MAIN MEASURES: The primary outcome was patient experience of physician compassion using the 5-item compassion measure. We used the machine learning algorithm LASSO to identify the group of actions that best predict the 5-item compassion measure. We performed exploratory analyses using linear regression with interaction terms to test for differences by patient race (White vs Black) and gender.

resultsA total of 1025 patients completed the questionnaire (717 from site 1; 308 from site 2). The action with the strongest association with greater compassion was "Listen carefully to what you had to say" [β = 5.67 (95% CI 3.36 to 7.98)]. The LASSO algorithm identified nine actions as the best predictors, and this model explained roughly a third of variation in compassion scores: r

Indexed as

EmpathyMachine LearningPhysician-Patient RelationsPhysiciansAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionPredictive Learning ModelsSurveys and Questionnairescompassionempathyphysician–patient relationship

Identifiers

PMID41120782
PMCPMC13421575

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.