Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41120375›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

The relationship between subthreshold anxiety disorder and symptoms and signs of dry eye disease.

Guangwei Li, Xiaolei Sun, Muchen Dong, Guoqing Zhao, Xiaowei Zhong, Weiyun Shi, Suxia Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Guangwei LiEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
Xiaolei SunEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
Muchen DongEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
Guoqing ZhaoDepartment of Psychology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
Xiaowei ZhongEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
Weiyun ShiEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
Suxia LiEye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Key Laboratory of Eye Diseases, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China. lsuxiasusu@163.com.

Funding

Medical and health Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province 202007021324Nation Natural Science Foundation of China 82271059the Taishan Scholar Program tsqn202211343
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To determine the relationship between subthreshold anxiety disorder and dry eye disease (DED) symptoms and signs. This was a cross-sectional study. The 127 outpatients of DED were collected and assessed for related symptoms and signs via the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), strip meniscometry (SM), non-invasive breakup time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS), and meibomian gland function (MGD) score. Subthreshold and full-blown anxiety disorders were evaluated via the HADS-A questionnaire and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). The OSDI were markedly higher in patients with subthreshold anxiety relative to mental healthy patients (p = 0.029); however, these scores were lower than in the full-blown anxiety patients (p = 0.016). TMH and SM were substantially lower than those in the mental healthy patients (p = 0.002, p = 0.004, respectively) but higher than the full-blown anxiety cohort (p = 0.026, p = 0.029, respectively). HADS-A scores in the subthreshold, full-blown indicated a significant positive correlation with OSDI (r = 0.786, p < 0.001; r = 0.787, p < 0.001; respectively). Significant correlations were found between subthreshold anxiety disorder and DED symptoms and signs; however, its intensity is lower than full-blown anxiety disorders.

Indexed as

Anxiety DisordersDry Eye SyndromesAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesTearsDry eye diseaseFull-blown anxiety disordersSub-threshold anxiety disorder

Identifiers

PMID41120375
PMCPMC12540714

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.