ArticleGeroScience2026
Association of chronic pain and analgesic use with the risks of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
Article in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Prevalence of dementia and BPSD in community-dwelling older adults with advanced care needs: a nationwide survey in Taiwan.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic pain and analgesic use are linked to increased Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia risk, but the effects of each individually and when both are present remain unclear. This study examined whether chronic pain and analgesic use, separately and together, are associated with the incident risk of these conditions. A total of 355,709 participants (mean age 56.51, 48.4% male) free of parkinsonism and dementia at baseline were included. Chronic musculoskeletal pain lasting ≥ 3 months and regular use of analgesics, including paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and antidepressants, were recorded. Incidence of PD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), all-cause parkinsonism, and all-cause dementia was recorded. Cox regression assessed associations with covariate adjustments. During a 13-year follow-up, 2035 individuals developed PD, 2052 developed AD, 2281 developed all-cause parkinsonism, and 4778 developed all-cause dementia. Compared to participants without chronic pain and analgesic use, those with chronic pain, those using analgesics, and those with both had higher risks of developing PD and AD. In the fully adjusted model, chronic pain showed hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 1.16 to 1.22 for PD and 1.18 to 1.24 for AD. Among analgesics, only antidepressants increased PD risk (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.37-2.29), while HRs for AD ranged from 1.22 to 1.57. Those with chronic pain who regularly used analgesics had a higher risk, with HRs ranging from 1.23 to 1.98 for PD and 1.44 to 2.19 for AD. Similar patterns emerged for all-cause parkinsonism and all-cause dementia. Chronic pain and analgesic use are associated with developing parkinsonism and dementia, with an additive effect in individuals with chronic pain who regularly use analgesics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.