ReviewDiabetologia2025
Sexual orientation, gender identity and cardiometabolic risk: a narrative review.
Review in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among LGBTQ+ Populations: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence.Nursing open · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic diseases in transgender populations.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Inclusive cardiovascular care for sexual and gender minority populations.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Article
- Are People With HIV Aware of Their Cardiometabolic Risk? A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of People Living With HIV Within a Community Organization in an Urban Setting.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent reports estimate that approximately 9% of adults globally identify as a sexual and gender minority (SGM), including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ+) people. While research has shown that SGM populations experience health disparities, few studies have focused on cardiometabolic risk and outcomes, particularly with regard to diabetes and its sequelae. Using narrative review methods, we describe the epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors and outcomes in SGM populations, with a focus on literature resulting from meta-analyses and analyses of large samples published between 2017 and 2025. We also propose recommendations for follow-up and monitoring of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in SGM populations. Available data show varying risk for cardiometabolic conditions across SGM subpopulations. Studies of UK data have noted that sexual minority women have an increased risk of diabetes compared with heterosexual women, while data from the USA reveal ambiguous results depending on the data source. Transgender adults were found to be at increased risk for diabetes compared with cisgender comparators in UK data sources but not in US sources. For chronic kidney disease (CKD), risk varied by subpopulation and data source. Notably, SGM subpopulations in the UK were reported to have an increased risk of CKD while similar populations in the USA appear to have no difference in risk compared with cisgender, heterosexual comparators. Similarly, risk for CVD among sexual minority populations varied by data source. However, both US and UK data suggest that transgender adults are at increased risk of CVD. Subsequent research is needed to further characterise these disparities and longitudinal cohort studies must be explicitly inclusive of SGM populations. Ideally, SGM-specific longitudinal cohort studies should be executed to more accurately and effectively characterise cardiometabolic risk, outcomes and potential interventions in these populations.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.