ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2025
Spatial Distribution of Extracellular Vesicles, Autofluorescence and CD9 Positivity Around Chondrocytes in the Superficial Layer of Articular Cartilage.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles remodel the immune-repair microenvironment in osteoarthritis: from pathological signal transmission to regenerative therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial Distribution of Extracellular Vesicles, Autofluorescence and CD9 Positivity Around Chondrocytes in the Superficial Layer of Articular Cartilage.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigates the distribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in superficial articular cartilage, hypothesizing that EVs (a) are unevenly distributed in this zonally organized tissue and (b) share a pattern similar to tissue autofluorescence. Fresh unfixed superficial cartilage from the femoropatellar groove of bovine knees was analysed using multiphoton microscopy (second harmonic generation, SHG, and multiphoton-autofluorescence, MPAF). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunostaining (CD9, membrane marker; collagen type VI, pericellular matrix marker) were performed on fixed tissue. Cartilage-bone cylinders were analysed in a simulated endomicroscopic setting. Additionally, EVs were isolated from synovial fluid and chondrocyte cell culture medium to demonstrate autofluorescence and staining properties. MPAF revealed a specific spatial distribution around superficial chondrocytes: lateral ring-like accumulations inside the cell lacunae and snow cap-like formations above cells outside the lacunae. CD9 staining was found outside the collagen type VI-positive matrix in MPAF-correlating locations. TEM confirmed a similar EV distribution. The endomicroscopic setting also visualized the lateral MPAF accumulations. In tissue with early osteoarthritic degeneration these patterns were not found. In conclusion, EVs/CD9 exhibit a specific spatial distribution, suggesting guided EV transport or binding within the extracellular matrix, which changes with tissue degeneration. These findings provide insight into the spatial relation between EVs and superficial cartilage architecture in health and disease and indicate a potential link between extracellular MPAF and EVs as a basis for the development of diagnostic methods and in vivo EV tracking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.