ArticleAllergy2026
Prolonged IL-33 Exposure Switches the Secreted Mast Cell Cytokine Profile From Pro-Inflammatory to Pro-Tolerant.
Article in Allergy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Studies on allergic diseases and B cells in the past 20 years: a bibliometric analysis via CiteSpace and VOSviewer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Fractalkine (Chemokine CX3CL1) Signaling During Placentation and Placental Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring desensitization, the immune response to an allergen switches from a type 2 inflammation towards immunological tolerance. Subcutaneous Hymenoptera venom and alum injections induce IL-33 release during venom immunotherapy (VIT). To elucidate whether mast cells (MCs) contribute to this switch in immune response, we investigated the effect of IL-33 and Hymenoptera venom on MC cytokine profiles under VIT-like conditions.
methodsLAD2 cells or primary human skin MCs were stimulated with IL-33 and Hymenoptera venom or Compound 48/80, with or without IL-33 pre-exposure (priming) for up to four days. In addition, c-kit was stimulated or inhibited. Cell surface marker expression was monitored by flow cytometry. Secreted cytokines were measured in supernatants by a bead-based multiplex assay and ELISA. Phosphorylated c-kit was determined by Western blot.
resultsLAD2 cell stimulation led to the secretion of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF-α, and TGF-β1, phosphorylation of c-kit, and a reduced c-kit surface expression after 24 h. IL-33 primed LAD2 cells secreted mainly the tolerance-promoting cytokine TGF-β1 but little pro-inflammatory/type 2 cytokines, showed less c-kit phosphorylation, and a higher c-kit surface expression following stimulation. Inhibition of c-kit before stimulation led to a similar secreted cytokine profile phenotype as IL-33 priming. IL-33 primed skin MCs showed a comparable cytokine switch and receptor expression pattern.
conclusionChanges in the interaction of IL-33 receptor (ST2) and c-kit after prolonged IL-33 exposure skewed MCs towards tolerance-promoting cytokines during desensitization therapy. These findings suggest a trendsetting role of MCs for the type of response towards Hymenoptera venom.
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