ArticleGut and liver2026
Long-Term Outcomes after the Complete Resection of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multicenter Cohort Study.
Article in Gut and liver, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Are Small Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors Uniformly Low Risk?Gut and liver · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/Aims: Although rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) ≤1 cm in size are generally considered low-risk tumors that are suitable for endoscopic resection, the long-term outcomes after histologically complete resection remain unknown. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with rectal NETs who underwent complete endoscopic resection (endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection) between January 2014 and December 2019. A total of 860 patients with ≥6 months of follow-up were included. Recurrence-free survival and its associated risk factors were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Among 860 patients, the mean age was 47.7 years, and 57.9% of the patients were male. The overall recurrence rate was 1.4% (n=12). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified histological grade 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 19.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.51 to 104.22) and mitotic count 2-20/10 high-power field (HPF) (HR, 20.88; 95% CI, 1.61 to 270.19) as independent predictors of recurrence, while >20/10 HPF (HR, 7.93; 95% CI, 0.90 to 69.87) showed a marginal association. The pathological tumor size, resection method, endoscopic ultrasonography findings, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were not associated with recurrence. The 5-year and 9-year recurrence-free survival rates were 98.4% and 84.7%, respectively. Supplementary analysis excluding patients with missing data confirmed consistent findings. Conclusions: Although recurrence is rare after the complete resection of rectal NETs ≤1 cm in size, patients with grade 2 tumors or a mitotic count ≥2/10 HPF are at increased risk. Risk-adapted follow-up based on histological features should be considered.
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