ReviewCureus2025
Tumor Microenvironment and Its Role in Cancer Progression: An Integrative Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Prognostic Model Based on Adipokine-Related Genes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Assessment of Patient Outcomes and Tumor Microenvironment Characterization.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Hyperforin as a Multifunctional Specialized Metabolite of Natural Origin for Chronic Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Aprepitant, a Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist, as a Disruptive Drug for the Treatment of Pediatric Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A Locally Injectable, pH/ROS-Responsive Hydrogel Platform for Combination Therapy of Cervical Cancer with Anti-Fibrotic and Chemotherapeutic Agents.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Natural Products in Prostate Cancer: Crosstalk Among the Gut Microbiome, Androgen Receptor Signaling, and Epigenetic Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multifunctional nanotherapeutics for tumor microenvironment modulation in solid tumor therapy.Discover nano · 2026Review
- NF-κB activation and cytokine dysregulation: a pathogenic loop in breast cancer inflammation - a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic Evidence of Immune-Tumor Uncoupling Defines a High-Risk State in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Screening, Prognostic, and Predictive Molecular Tools for Colorectal Cancer: Recent Advances in the Classical Background.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- SHEST: single-cell-level artificial intelligence from haematoxylin and eosin morphology for cell-type prediction and spatial transcriptomics reconstruction.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Morphology, WHO 2022 Grading, and Prognostic Perspectives.Cureus · 2026Review
- Mucosal immunity in cancer metastasis: roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial transfer: a new perspective on tumor-microenvironment crosstalk driving metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. However, the current literature often studies its components separately. This review offers an integrated view of the dynamic interactions among fibroblasts, immune and vascular cells, the extracellular matrix, cytokines, exosomes, and microbiota within the TME. It discusses classical mechanisms such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stromal remodeling, and metabolic rewiring alongside emerging paradigms like microbiome-driven immunomodulation and exosome-mediated therapy resistance. Spatial heterogeneity and the temporal evolution of the tumor niche are examined using recent advances in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, 3D bioprinting, and patient-derived organoid models. Key findings emphasize the microbiome's influence on immune responses and the role of exosomes in transferring resistance traits and regulating intercellular signaling. By connecting molecular insights with clinical perspectives, the review explores translational strategies targeting the TME, including checkpoint inhibitors, stromal modulators, anti-angiogenic agents, and engineered CAR-T therapies. This comprehensive view highlights the importance of considering cancer as a complex, evolving ecosystem rather than just a cell-autonomous disease and provides a foundational framework for precision oncology approaches aimed at disrupting harmful TME interactions to improve therapeutic effectiveness and patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.