ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2025
Factors associated with under-five child mortality: an analysis of the Rwanda Demographic Health Survey (RDHS) 2019/2020.
Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: under-five mortalities (U5M) are significant in determining the level of health development of a country. Most countries work to reduce the U5M rate; however, not all achieve the goal, including Rwanda. This study intends to explore factors associated with under-five mortality in Rwanda. Methods: the study is a quantitative retrospective study using cross-sectional survey data of the Rwanda Demographic Health Survey 2019-2020. Permission for access to data was obtained from the DHS program website. The children dataset (KR) was used with a total of 8092 children. Data analysis used STATA-15 software. Descriptive information had been presented using frequency tables, charts, and graphs. A bivariate analysis using Chi-square was conducted to determine factors associated with U5M. Variables with significant association (P<0.05) in the bivariate analysis were considered for multivariate analysis with logistic regression. P-value <0.05 was declared as a significant association. Results: the mortality level in 2019/2020 was at 3.66% linked to maternal and child-related factors; low birth weight was (AOR=6.93, 95% CI=4.44-10.81). Postnatal checkup was (AOR= 0.42, CI=0.22-0.81); (P-value <0.009). Delivery at health facility (AOR =0.32, CI=0.13-0.77); (P-value =0.011). The significant socio-economic factors of U5M were the number of household members (p-value=0.002), (AOR=0.59, 95% CI=0.42-0.83) and the partner´s education of secondary level (OR=0.47,95% CI=0.27-0.82); (P-value=0.008) and higher level (AOR=0.29,95% CI=0.11-0.78); (P-value=0.015). Conclusion: results showed that low birth weight and inadequate post-natal check-up visits are the main associated factors of under-five child mortality. In contrast, the remaining factors were all found to be protective.
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