Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41116681›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association2025

Barriers to health care among rural adults by disability status.

Alexis Swendener, Mariana Tuttle, Ingrid Jacobson, Lisa I Iezzoni, Robert Barclay, Carrie Henning-Smith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Barriers to health care among rural adults by disability status.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alexis SwendenerDivision of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-3970
Mariana TuttleDivision of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-3485
Ingrid JacobsonDivision of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-9082
Lisa I IezzoniHealth Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Robert BarclayDivision of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Carrie Henning-SmithDivision of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-0387

Funding

Department of Health and Human Services under Public Health Service Cooperative Agreement 5U1CRH03717Federal Office of Rural Health PolicyHRSA HHSNational Institutes of Health's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences UM1TR004405
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAccess to health care supports both individual and population health. Ample research demonstrates access barriers faced by rural residents and people with disabilities; however, less research has examined access barriers for rural residents by disability status or explored differences across multiple types of access barriers. This brief report addresses this gap by examining 11 financial and nonfinancial barriers to accessing health care among rural adults by disability status.

methodsUsing nationally representative data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey and focusing on rural adults (n = 4,703), we conducted bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses comparing 11 separate access barriers by disability status and generated adjusted predicted probabilities of experiencing these barriers, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.

findingsOverall, compared to those without disabilities, rural people with disabilities had significantly higher adjusted predicted probabilities of 8 of the 11 access barriers. These include delaying multiple types of care due to cost, not being able to afford prescriptions, and delaying care due to facility hours, insurance acceptance, transportation, and travel time. Rural people with disabilities were, however, more likely than their nondisabled counterparts to report having a usual place for care.

conclusionsRural individuals with disabilities face more barriers to care than their peers without disabilities, including delaying care, which can potentially worsen health outcomes. Our findings provide important information for policymakers to improve access to care at the intersection of rurality and disability.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityPersons with DisabilitiesRural PopulationAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedUnited Statesaccess to health caredelaying health carepeople with disabilities

Identifiers

PMID41116681
PMCPMC12538111

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.