Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41116234›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2026

Corollary Discharge Dysfunction to Inner Speech and its Relationship to Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Thomas J Whitford, Lawrence Kin-Hei Chung, Oren Griffiths, Bradley N Jack, Mike E Le Pelley, Kevin M Spencer, Ana R Barreiros, Anthony W Harrison, Nathan T Han, Sol Libesman and 14 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Thomas J WhitfordSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, 2052, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9187-3816
Lawrence Kin-Hei ChungSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, 2052, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2974-580X
Oren GriffithsSchool of Psychological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.
Bradley N JackResearch School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2600, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0523-6656
Mike E Le PelleySchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Kevin M SpencerVeterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130-4817, United States.
Ana R BarreirosBrain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
Anthony W HarrisonSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Nathan T HanDepartment of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Sol LibesmanNHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
Daniel PearsonSchool of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
Ruth B ElijahSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Marianthe GodwinSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Carla HaroutonianBrain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
Angela NickersonSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Sandra Sau-Man ChanDepartment of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
George Heung-Chuen ChongClinical Psychology Service, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
Gary Kar-Wai LauDepartment of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
Yip-Chau WongDepartment of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
Jason Wai-Yiu WongDepartment of Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
Judith M FordDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California -  San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6500-6548
Daniel H MathalonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California -  San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States.
Anthony W F HarrisBrain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, 2145, Australia.
Suzanne Ho-Wai SoDepartment of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8918-7139

Funding

Australian Government Research Training ProgramAustralian Research Council DE150100667Australian Research Council DE220100739Australian Research Council DP140104394Australian Research Council DP170103094Australian Research Council DP200103288Chinese University of Hong Kong Direct Grant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Postdoctoral Fellowship SchemeCSRD VA I01 CX001443Daniel Beck Memorial Award for Schizophrenia ResearchNational Health and Medical Research Council APP1069487National Health and Medical Research Council APP1090507National Health and Medical Research Council APP2004067Research Grant Council General Research Fund 14601122U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs I01CX 001443
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and hypothesisAuditory-verbal hallucinations (AVH)-the experience of hearing voices in the absence of auditory stimulation-are a cardinal psychotic feature of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. It has long been suggested that some AVH may reflect the misperception of inner speech as external voices due to a failure of corollary-discharge-related mechanisms. We aimed to test this hypothesis with an electrophysiological marker of inner speech. STUDY

designParticipants produced an inner syllable at a precisely specified time, when an audible syllable was concurrently presented. The inner syllable either matched or mismatched the content of the audible syllable. In the passive condition, participants did not produce an inner syllable. We compared the amplitude of the N1, P2, and P3-components of the auditory-evoked potential between: (1) schizophrenia-spectrum patients with current AVH (SZAVH+, n = 55), (2) schizophrenia-spectrum patients without current AVH (SZAVH-, n = 44), (3) healthy controls (HC, n = 43). STUDY

resultsThe HC group showed reduced N1-amplitude in the Match condition (relative to Passive and Mismatch), replicating our previous results. In contrast, the SZAVH+ group showed the opposite effect: enhanced N1-amplitude in the Match condition (relative to Passive and Mismatch). The SZAVH- group showed reductions in the Mismatch condition (relative to Passive and Match).

conclusionsThis study provides empirical support for the theory that AVH are related to abnormalities in the normative suppressive mechanisms associated with inner speech. This phenomenon of "inner speaking-induced suppression" may have utility as a biomarker for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders generally, and may index a tendency for AVH specifically at more extreme levels of abnormality.

Indexed as

Evoked Potentials, AuditoryHallucinationsPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaSpeechSpeech PerceptionAdultElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultcorollary dischargecovert speechefference copyevent-related potentialN1schizophreniaspeaking-induced suppression

Identifiers

PMID41116234
PMCPMC13645647

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.