Preliminary study on targeted therapy of breast cancer using tumor cell membrane-coated dual-loaded liposomes based on chemo-photothermal synergistic effects.

Addressing the clinical challenges of lacking effective therapeutic targets and the high recurrence rate in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), this study innovatively constructed a targeted nanoplatform (CM@DOX-GO NPs) based on the synergistic combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy. This platform achieves a breakthrough integration of spatiotemporally coordinated PTT-chemotherapy and precise targeting by co-loading the highly efficient photothermal agent, monolayer graphene oxide (GO), and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) into core-shell structured liposomes, followed by biomimetic modification with tumor cell membranes (derived from MDA-MB-231 cells). Serving as a novel near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer, GO exhibits a unique photothermal effect that not only directly induces tumor cell death but also enhances cellular membrane permeability through hyperthermia, thereby promoting the intertumoral penetration and targeted release of DOX. Experimental results confirmed that the tumor cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced homologous targeting capability compared to conventional formulations. Their optimized systemic circulation characteristics and specific fluorescence enrichment within the tumor region collectively validate the effectiveness of the biomimetic strategy. Under NIR irradiation, this system leverages the spatiotemporally coordinated mechanism of PTT-chemotherapy, substantially improving tumor cell eradication efficiency while simultaneously reducing systemic toxicity through precise energy control. This innovative design successfully overcomes the limitations inherent in conventional PTT, such as uneven energy distribution and low bioavailability of photosensitizers, offering a promising new strategy for highly efficient and low-toxicity TNBC treatment.