ArticleChild's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery2025
Long-term trends and disparities in primary intracranial germ cell tumor incidence and mortality for child and adolescent in the USA.
Article in Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate disparities and long-term trends in primary intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) incidence and mortality.
methodsData from the National Cancer Institute 22-registry Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed. Age-adjusted rates were calculated using SEER*Stat, and trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression at a significance level of P < 0.05.
resultsThis study systematically analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of GCTs from 1975 to 2021. Germinoma incidence first increased (1975-2001: + 2.42% per year) and then decreased in males, while remaining stable in females. Non-germinomatous GCTs incidence plateaued but mortality in males increased within 3 years of diagnosis. Embryonal carcinoma incidence decreased in age 1-4 (APC = -1.29) and 15-19 (APC = -1.73), with distant mortality peaking within 5 years. Teratoma incidence rose in infants (males: APC = 3.66; females: APC = 2.48), with a 5-year mortality rate of 22.4% in metastatic disease. Choriocarcinoma declined in adolescents, with cumulative mortality rates higher in males. Distant stage disease showed significantly higher mortality than localized, peaking within 5 years of diagnosis. Sex-based disparities were evident across subtypes, with males exhibiting a higher overall risk of mortality.
conclusionCancer stage and sex are critical prognostic factors. Increased localized cases suggest advancements in early diagnosis and treatment, while rising long-term mortality underscores challenges in managing complications. These trends highlight the need for optimized therapeutic strategies to address disparities in GCT outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41115995What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.