ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2025
Complex Reassortment Dynamics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Xinjiang, China: Implications for Zoonotic Spillover.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in poultry in Shandong Province, China, 2021-2023.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Article
- Mannosylated chitosan-PLGA delivers Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes for oral immunoprotection against H9N2 in broilers.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Genomic similarity to quantitatively evaluate the reassortment potential of H7N9 with other subtypes of avian influenza viruses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Complex Reassortment Dynamics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Xinjiang, China: Implications for Zoonotic Spillover.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundH9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) donate their genes to other subtype AIVs, posing significant threats to poultry industries and public health due to their endemicity and zoonotic potential. This study investigates the molecular evolution, reassortment, and mutations of the H9N2 isolates from the live poultry markets (LPMs) in Xinjiang, China.
methodsAIVs were isolated from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, as well as environmental samples collected during the winter of 2017-2018. Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic and molecular analysis were conducted to elucidate viral origins, reassortment patterns, and molecular characteristics.
resultsThirty H9N2 isolates were obtained, all belonging to the G57 genotype. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct Eurasian lineages: BJ/94-like (HA, NA), G1-like (PB2, MP), and F98-like. Notably, viral genes diverged into two major branches (A/B), with the A branches of HA, PB2, PA, and NS further subdivided into A1/A2 sublineages. In addition to the A and B branches, the viral genes of several isolates formed independent phylogenetic branches. Some of the viral genes clustered together with H9N2 viruses from the poultry/environmental strains in China and Japan, and some viral genes (e.g., PB2, PB1, MP, and NS) showed close phylogenetic relationships with human-infecting H9N2/H7N9 viruses. The multiple mutations detected in the isolates were associated with viral virulence, mammalian adaptation, and transmission.
conclusionXinjiang H9N2 viruses display complex reassortment dynamics involving multiple geographic lineages. Their genetic connection to human-infecting strains underscores the risk of zoonotic spillover. Enhanced surveillance in LPMs is crucial for pandemic preparedness.
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