Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41115754›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM2025

Examining Removal of Federal Waiver Restrictions to Prescribing Buprenorphine in Primary Care.

Claire B Simon, Chialing Hsu, Maria G Prado, Imara I West, Kwun C G Chan, Joseph W LeMaster, Mary A Hatch, Sebastian T Tong, Kari A Stephens

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Claire B SimonFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS). clairebs@uw.edu).
Chialing HsuFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS).
Maria G PradoFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS).
Imara I WestFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS).
Kwun C G ChanFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS).
Joseph W LeMasterFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS).
Mary A HatchFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS).
Sebastian T TongFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS).
Kari A StephensFrom the Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (CH, MGP, IIW, STT, KAS); Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Seattle, Washington (KCGC); Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Kansas City, Kansas (JWL); Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington (MAH); and Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington (KAS).

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBuprenorphine reduces the mortality associated with opioid use disorder (OUD) and may be prescribed in primary care. In January 2023, the requirement for a federal waiver to prescribe buprenorphine for OUD was removed. This study examines the impact of the waiver removal on buprenorphine prescribing in primary care.

methodsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data from 32 primary care clinics in Washington and Idaho. The sample included all patients 18 or older who had a primary care visit between January 2022 and December 2023. We described the number of patients who received buprenorphine in the year prior and the year following the removal of the waiver. We used generalized estimating equations with exchangeable correlation structure to estimate the odds ratio of receiving buprenorphine after the removal of the federal waiver.

resultsA total of 56,003 patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the sample. The overall sample was 58.9% female, 75.8% White and mean age was 49.3 years. During the 2-year study period, 986 (1.8%) patients received buprenorphine. In our sample, we did not find a significant change in buprenorphine prescribing the year after the removal of the federal waiver after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (

conclusionsBuprenorphine prescribing did not increase the year after the removal of the federal waiver, suggesting this regulatory change was insufficient to increase buprenorphine prescribing in primary care.

Indexed as

BuprenorphineNarcotic AntagonistsOpiate Substitution TreatmentOpioid-Related DisordersPractice Patterns, Physicians'Primary Health CareAdultDrug PrescriptionsElectronic Health RecordsFemaleHumansIdahoMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesBuprenorphineNarcotic AntagonistsBuprenorphineCohort StudiesElectronic Health RecordsHealth PolicyIdahoOdds RatioOpioid-Related DisordersPrimary Health CareRetrospective StudiesWashington

Identifiers

PMID41115754
PMCPMC12978616

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.