Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41115751›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM2025

Estimating National and Regional Primary Care Spending in the Veterans Health Administration in 2022.

Jonathan A Staloff, Karin Nelson, Ashok Reddy, Eric Gunnink, Edwin S Wong

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jonathan A StaloffFrom the Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA (JS, KN, AR, EG, ESW); Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (JS); Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, AR); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, ESW). jstaloff@uw.edu Jonathan.Staloff@va.gov.
Karin NelsonFrom the Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA (JS, KN, AR, EG, ESW); Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (JS); Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, AR); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, ESW).
Ashok ReddyFrom the Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA (JS, KN, AR, EG, ESW); Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (JS); Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, AR); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, ESW).
Eric GunninkFrom the Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA (JS, KN, AR, EG, ESW); Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (JS); Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, AR); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, ESW).
Edwin S WongFrom the Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA (JS, KN, AR, EG, ESW); Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (JS); Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, AR); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA (KN, ESW).

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe Veterans Health Administration (VHA) historically has spent a larger percentage of total medical expenditures on primary care than other US payers, but more recent estimates are unknown. Further, no studies have identified whether geographic differences in primary care spending exist within the VHA's 18 regional Veteran Integrated Service Networks (VISNs). Our objective was to characterize the percent and per-Veteran absolute spending on primary care nationally and by VISN in the VHA in 2022.

methodsWe calculated primary care and total VHA spending in fiscal year 2022 nationally and by VISN. We then calculated the per-Veteran absolute spending and percent of total national expenditures attributed to primary care.

resultsIn 2022, VHA spent $848 per-Veteran on primary care (9.2% of total medical expenditures). Across the 18 VISNs, per-Veteran spending ranged from $641 to $1079, with the 25 DISCUSSION: Primary care spending in the VHA in 2022 as a percentage of total medical expenditures was stable compared with prior estimates. In addition, our results show discordance in each VISN's spending quartile based on the metric utilized. This finding suggests that each metric may capture a different element of primary care spending.

Indexed as

Health ExpendituresPrimary Health CareUnited States Department of Veterans AffairsVeterans Health ServicesHumansUnited StatesHealth Care FinancingHealth ExpendituresPrimary Health CareVeterans Health

Identifiers

PMID41115751
PMCPMC12978611

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.